Difference between revisions of "Pleuritis"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" | {| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" | ||
| . | | . | ||
| − | | [[Respiratory Viral Infections | + | | [[:Category:Respiratory Viral Infections|'''VIRAL''']] |
| [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology|'''BACTERIAL''']] | | [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology|'''BACTERIAL''']] | ||
| [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|'''FUNGAL''']] | | [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|'''FUNGAL''']] | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Horses''' | | '''Horses''' | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[HHendra Virus|Hendra virus]] |
| extension from nasopharyngeal flora | | extension from nasopharyngeal flora | ||
| . | | . | ||
| Line 122: | Line 122: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Pigs''' | | '''Pigs''' | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[Swine Influenza|Swine influenza]] |
| [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae'']] | | [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae'']] | ||
| . | | . | ||
Revision as of 11:26, 20 July 2010
 |
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
|
Pleuritis
- Inflammation of the pleura
- Common in animals
- Inflammatory agents reach the pleura by:
- Extension from pneumonia
- Pleuropneumonia (fibrinous bronchopneumonia)- inflammation of mesothelial cells associated with parenchymal disease due to bacterial infection
- Bloodstream
- Trans-diaphragmatic lymphatics from peritoneal cavity
- Penetration of the chest
- From mediastinal abscessation
- Penetration from oesophagus or abdominal viscus (commonly bovine traumatic recticulitis)
- Extension from pneumonia
- Common acute forms:
- Purulent
- Fibrinous
- Common sequele:
- Organising fibrinous pleuritis in which the visceral pleura becomes enveloped in a restrictive fibrous blanket
- Pleural adhesions, especially common in ruminants and pigs
- Common sequele:
- Granulomatous pleuritis may cause hypertrophic osteopathy
Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)
- Purulent effusion in the pleural space
- Most significant in:
- Horses
- Usually secondary to pneumonia or lung abscesses
- Streptococci are most commonly isolated
- Usually yellow exudate
- Often triggered by stress of travelling, competition or similar
- Dogs
- Often results from migrating grass awns
- Actinomyces, Nocardia and Bacteroides spp. are the most frequently recovered organisms
- Usually blood stained viscous or creamy exudate, often bilateral
- Yellowish granules may be present within the exudate
- Thickened pleura, sometimes fibrinous
- Cats
- Pathogenesis is unclear, possible due to bite wounds or penetrated oesophagus
- P. multocida and other Gram-negative organisms are frequently recovered
- Usually creamy yellow or greyish brown exudate, often bilateral
- Horses
Infectious causes of pleuritis
| . | VIRAL | BACTERIAL | FUNGAL | PARASITIC |
| Dogs | . | Nocardia | . | . |
| . | . | Actinomyces and Bacteroides spp. | . | . |
| . | . | Tuberculosis | . | . |
| Cats | FIP | P. multocida and other Gram-negative organisms | . | . |
| Horses | Hendra virus | extension from nasopharyngeal flora | . | . |
| . | . | Streptococci | . | . |
| Cattle | . | Pneumonic pasteurellosis | . | . |
| . | . | Tuberculosis | . | . |
| . | . | Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia | . | . |
| Sheep | . | Enzootic pneumonia | . | . |
| Pigs | Swine influenza | Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | . | . |
| . | . | Pasteurellosis | . | . |
| . | . | Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia | . | . |
| . | . | Glasser's disease | . | . |