Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
53,803
edits
Changes
no edit summary
Line 1:
Line 1:
+
* Has potentially lethal effects in the monogastric animal.
+
+
+===Water Loss===
+
+* Fluid loss is evident as:
+*# An increased PCV or haematocrit.
+*# An increased total protein concentration.
+*# A prerenal azotaemia.
+
+
+===Gastric Electrolyte Loss===
+
+* The main losses are of H<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>, and also K<sup>+</sup>
+* Can potentially cause metabolic alkalosis, although this is only likely with disease which stops at the pylorus, e.g.: pyloric outflow obstruction.
+** In cases where mild alkalosis occurs, homeostatic mechanisms produce a more alkaline urine to restore normal body pH.
+** However, in severe metablolic alkalosis with marked dehydration, acidic urine may be produced- this is termed '''paradoxical aciduria'''.
+*** Because [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] induceses hypokalaemia, there is an overriding stimulus in the kidney for Na<sup>+</sup> (and therefore water) retention.
+*** Na+ can only be resorbed in exchange for H+
+**** H<sup>+</sup> is therefore excreted in the urine, causing it to be acidic.
+*** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] also induces hypochloraemia, meaning bicarbonate rather than chloride is resorbed with the Na+ to maintain electrical neutrality
+**** This perpetuates the alkalosis.
+* [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] does not occur in the ruminant although [[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasal]] content may reflux into the [[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|forestomachs]].
+** Sequestration of secretions in the [[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]] will have similar effects to pyloric outflow obstruction with [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] in the monogastric animal.
+*** e.g. abomasal torsion
+*** Causes dehydration, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis.
+
+
+* Lesions in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] can also lead to [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]]
+** Both gastric acid and pancreatic and intestinal bicarbonate secretions are lost
+*** Animal consequently has a normal pH or may even be acidotic.
+
+
==The Vomit Reflex==
==The Vomit Reflex==
[[Image:The Vomit Reflex Pathway.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The Vomit Reflex - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
[[Image:The Vomit Reflex Pathway.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The Vomit Reflex - Copyright nabrown RVC]]