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| | =Protostrongylus rufescens= | | =Protostrongylus rufescens= |
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| − | ==Hosts==
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| − | '''Intermediate hosts''': Snails.
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| − | '''Definitive hosts''': Sheep, goats, and deer.
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| − | **Indirect life-cycle involving mollusc intermediate hosts
| + | ==Hosts== |
| − | **L1 passed in faeces, penetrate foot of mollusc, develop to L3 in 2-3 weeks
| + | '''Intermediate hosts''': Snails. |
| − | **Infected mollusc ingested with grass
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| − | **L3 released by digestion and travel to lungs by lymphatic route
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| − | **Adults found in alveoli/parenchyma (''Muellerius'') or small bronchioles (''Protostrongylus'')
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| − | **Prepatent period 6-10 weeks (''Muellerius''), 5-6 weeks (''Protostrongylus'')
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| − | === Epidemiology ===
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| − | **High prevalence because of wide range of intermediate hosts, prolonged survival of larvae in faeces, long periods of patency (>2 years) and poor host immunity
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| − | *''Protostrongylus'' spp. can block [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Protostrongylus spp.|bronchioles]] in sheep
| + | '''Definitive hosts''': Sheep, goats, and deer. |
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| − | *Adult worms block small [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchioles]] resulting in accumulation of eggs, larvae and cellular debri distal to the blockage
| + | ==Identification== |
| − | *Lesions resemble [[Dictyocaulus filaria|''Dictyocaulus filaria'']] but are fewer in numbers, lobular and at periphery of caudal lobes, they are very similar to [[Muellerius|''Muellerius capillaris'']] lesions
| + | ''P. rufescens'' are thin, red worms. The females are around 6.5cm in length, and the males have a very well developed bursa. |
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| | + | ==Life Cycle== |
| | + | The females are ovo-viviparous. The L1 larvae are past out in the faeces. The intermediate host, namely the snail, become infected after penetration of the L1 larvae. These mature and develop into L3 larvae in around 2-3 weeks. |
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| | + | The definitive host is infected through ingestion of the snail. The L3 moults in the digestive tract and migrates to the lymph nodes and lungs. |
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| | + | The prepatent period is 5-6 weeks. |
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| | [[Category:Metastrongyloidea]] | | [[Category:Metastrongyloidea]] |
| | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] | | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] |
| | [[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]][[Category:Sheep]] | | [[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]][[Category:Sheep]] |