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Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)

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==~~Parotid Salivary Gland~~==

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==Overview==

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[[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|~~150px~~|Parotid Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]

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[[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Parotid Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]

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*[[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Serous]] secretion

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*Moulded around base of [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Outer Ear|auricular cartilage]] of ear

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The parotid salivary gland produces a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion. It is moulded around the base of the [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Outer Ear|auricular cartilage]] of the ear. It is enclosed within facial covering.

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*Enclosed within ~~facial covering~~

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Trabeculae divide the gland into lobules. Major ducts run within trabeculae and merge to form a single duct. The duct opens in the vestibule opposite the 4th upper premolar (Not all species).

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*Trabeculae divide gland ~~into lobules~~

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The parotid gland is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) via the trigeminal branch. ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]])

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*Major ducts run within trabeculae and merge to form a single duct

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*Duct opens in vestibule opposite 4th upper premolar (Not all species)

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*Innervated by glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) via trigeminal branch ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]])

==Development==

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1. ~~Intercalated~~ duct. ~~Cuboidal~~ cells.

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There is an intercalated duct and cuboidal cells. This becomes a striated duct, the cuboidal cells develop with mitochondria in the base. The duct develops into an interlobular duct. The cells become stratified columnar cells. The stratified squamous epithelium then becomes continuous with the epithelium lining of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]].

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~~2. Striated duct. Cuboidal cells with mitochondria in base~~.

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==Species Differences==

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[[Image:Parotid Duct.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Parotid Duct (Dog) - Copyright RVC]]

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~~3. Interlobular duct. Columnar to stratified columnar cells.~~

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~~4. Stratified squamous epithelium continuous with epithelium lining [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]~~

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~~==[[Parotid Gland - Histology|Histology]]==~~

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~~==Species Differences==~~

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~~[[Image:Parotid Duct.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Parotid Duct (Dog) - Copyright RVC]]~~

===Carnivores===

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*Some mucous secretion in cat and dog

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*Duct is superficial in dog

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There is some mucous secretion in the cat and dog. The duct is superficial in the dog. The duct runs across masseter muscle in carnivores.

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*Duct runs across masseter muscle in carnivores

===Herbivores===

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*Larger gland and higher flow rate in herbivores to lubricate and soften food

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*Duct is superficial in small ruminants

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It is a larger gland with a higher flow rate in herbivores to lubricate and soften the food. The duct is superficial in small ruminants. The parotid gland extends rostrally over the masseter muscle, ventrally to the angle of the jaw and caudally towards the atlantal fossa. The duct runs ventrally in herbivores below the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandibule (mandibula)|mandible]] (facial groove in horses) before entering the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] at the rostral margin of the masseter muscle.

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*Parotid gland extends rostrally over masseter muscle, ventrally to angle of jaw and caudally towards atlantal fossa

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===Equine===

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*Duct runs ventrally in herbivores below the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandibule (mandibula)|mandible]] (facial groove in horses) before entering the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] at the rostral margin of the masseter muscle

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~~===Equine===~~

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The gland overlies the [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine Gutteral Pouch|gutteral pouch]].

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*Gland overlies the [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine Gutteral Pouch|gutteral pouch]]

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~~==Test yourself with the salivary glands flashcards==~~

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[[Oral_Cavity_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology_-_Flashcards#Salivary_Glands_Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]

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==Links==

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'''Test yourself with the [[Oral_Cavity_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology_-_Flashcards#Salivary_Glands_Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]'''

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'''Click here for information on[[Parotid Gland - Histology|histology]]'''

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~~==Links==~~

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'''Video links:'''

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~~'''Video'''~~

[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/canine/head_neck/Pot0258.mp4 Pot 258 Lateral section through the head of a dog]

[[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]]

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[[Category:To Do - ~~A&P~~]]

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[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]]

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