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==Introduction==
Until 1978 Parvovirus enteriris was totally unknown in dogs - it was first seen in dogs in Australia where it appeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the disease seen in the cat. Research revealed a new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus; viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus. Clinically, the virus causes enteritis mainly affecting the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] in young dogs over 6 weeks old and myocarditis in puppies. Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives for a protracted time in the environment.
==Antigenicity==
*2 Canine Viruses:
*2 Canine viruses have been identified:
**Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent, ubiquitous in canine population
**Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent and ubiquitous in the canine population
**Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): new virus emerged in the late 1970's
**Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): a new virus that emerged in the late 1970's
Antigenic variants do naturally occur.
====Hosts====
==Signalment==
The virus predominantly affects dogs, but CPV 2a/2b can cause clinical disease in cats.
==Pathogenesis==
Oropharyngeal infection is followed by '''viremia'''. Subsequently there are 2 distinct syndromes:
#'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks - the virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium leading to sudden death, or '''fading puppy''' syndrome. This is now rare due to widespread passive immunity.
#'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks
#'''Enteritis''' in puppies >6 weeks of age. The virus targets intestinal crypts, causing the villi to shorten and the destruction of cypt cells, leading to gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis. CPV has a high morbidity but low mortality (10%) rate.
#'''Enteritis''' in puppies >8 weeks of age
==Epidemiology==
Transmission is by the '''Orofaecal''' route. The host range is controlled by only a few amino acids
==Diagnosis==
*HA or ELISA for virus
*HA or ELISA to confirm viral infection.
* Viral antigen can be detected in the faeces by the red cell agglutination test.
* Immunoflurescence.
* Serology.
====Control====
==Prevention and Control==
*Vaccination, usually in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks.
*Vaccination, usually given in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks. Earlier vaccinations can be given where breeders are known to have CPV on the premises.
*Thorough disinfection after disease
*Thorough disinfection after disease or removing dogs from that area for at least 9 months.
[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Dog]]
[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Dog]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]