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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
''Otodectes cynotis'' mites are [[Non-Burrowing Mites|surface mites]]. They are the cause of [[Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog|otodectic otitis]], the most common mange of dogs and cats in the world. They are also found in the fox and the ferret. The mites inhabit the inner ear and feed on ear debris, they appear white in colour.
''Otodectes cynotis'' mites are [[Non-Burrowing Mites|surface mites]]. They are the cause of [[Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog|otodectic otitis]], the most common mange of dogs and cats in the world. They are also found in the fox and the ferret. The mites inhabit the inner ear and feed on ear debris, they appear white in colour.
Pruritus is caused by irritation and the saliva of the mites, which is immunogenic. '''Secondary bacterial infection''' is common, resulting in purulent otitis externa which will require more treatment.
In cats, another presentation can be seen, which is that of an ectopic infection where signs are seen on other body parts such as the tail. This is due to contact e.g. cats sleeping in a curled position would allow mites to infest that area. Transmission of the mites can occur to kittens whilst they are suckling.
==Identification==
==Identification==
The mites have closed keratinous bars, '''apodemes''' on their ventral surface. They are smaller in size than [[psoroptes cuniculi]] and have short pedicles on their first and second pairs of legs.
The mites have closed keratinous bars, '''apodemes''' on their ventral surface. They are smaller in size than [[psoroptes cuniculi]] and have short pedicles on their first and second pairs of legs.
==Lifecycle==
==Lifecycle==
The Life cycle of an ''Otodectes'' mite takes '''3 weeks'''. The females lay around five eggs a day on the surface of the ear canal. Four days later, larvae hatch and become nymphs. There are two nymphal stages before an adult mite is formed.
==Clinical signs==
Clinical signs include '''head shaking, scratching of the ear''' and even the development of an '''aural haematoma''' because of the two above signs. The animal may often resent this area being touched.
A '''brown waxy exudate''' is produced and this later becomes crusty. If secondary bacterial infection has occurred then pus will also be seen in the ear canal.
==Diagnosis==
Clinical signs and history are indicative of the disease.
'''Visualisation''' of the mites via an auroscope will provide definitive diagnosis.
== Treatment ==
Topical ear drops usually contain '''acaricide, fungicide, antibiotics and steroids'''. These should be dropped into the ear and the base of the ear then massaged to help the drops disperse. In cases of severe wax build up, ceruminolytics may be useful.
'''Selamectin''' as a spot on also acts to prevent ''Otodectes''.
'''All in contact animals should be treated''' in the household as these may be asymptomatic carriers.
== References ==
Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) '''Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary''' (2nd Edition),'' Elsevier Science''.
<br>
Bond, R. (2008) '''Dermatology Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''
<br>
Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology''' (second edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association ''
<br>
Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites, '''''Royal Veterinary College ''
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