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*Cause [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In cattle|peritonitis in cattle]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
 
*Cause [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In cattle|peritonitis in cattle]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
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*''Nocardia'' is involved in [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]] and [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] in dogs
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*''Micropolyspora faeni and Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' in [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Extrinsic Allergic Bronchio-alveolitis|Bovine Farmers Lung]]
 
*''Micropolyspora faeni and Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' in [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Extrinsic Allergic Bronchio-alveolitis|Bovine Farmers Lung]]
   
*''Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' may cause [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
 
*''Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' may cause [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
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* ''Actinomyces'' may cause [[General Pathology - Chronic Inflammation#Granulomatous Inflammation|granulomatous inflammation]].
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** E.g. ''Actinomyces bovis'' -the cause of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth#Mandibular Osteomyelitis|lumpy jaw]] and in [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], may extend to surrounding [[Muscles - inflammatory#Actinomycosis bovis|muscles]]
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*''Actinomyces pyogenes'' in [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]
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*In [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]]
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*Isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons - inflammatory#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers]]
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===''Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium'' and ''Actinobaculum'' species===
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===''Arcanobacterium, Actinomyces'' and ''Actinobaculum'' species===
    
*Non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria
 
*Non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria
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===''Arcanobacterium pyogenes''===
 
===''Arcanobacterium pyogenes''===
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*Characteristics:
 
*Characteristics:
 
**Formerly known as ''Actinomyces pyogenes'' and ''Corynebacterium pyogenes''
 
**Formerly known as ''Actinomyces pyogenes'' and ''Corynebacterium pyogenes''
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**Suppurative infections
 
**Suppurative infections
 
**Abscesses especially in liver
 
**Abscesses especially in liver
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**Lymphadenitis, [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], peritonitis and neural abscessation
 
**Pyometra
 
**Pyometra
 
**Endometritis
 
**Endometritis
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**Umbilical infections
 
**Umbilical infections
 
**Suppurative pneumonia
 
**Suppurative pneumonia
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*Treatment:
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**Penicillin or broad spectrum antibiotics
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**Unclassified ''Actinomyces'' species isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons - inflammatory#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers]]
       
===''Actinomyces''===
 
===''Actinomyces''===
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*Usually long filamentous branching Gram positive rods
 
*Usually long filamentous branching Gram positive rods
 
*Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
 
*Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
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***Found naturally in oral cavity of cattle
 
***Found naturally in oral cavity of cattle
 
***Prefers anaerobic conditions but not strict anaerobe
 
***Prefers anaerobic conditions but not strict anaerobe
***Penetrates injured tissues to cause granulomatous lesions of soft tissues and bone, causing lumpy jaw
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***Penetrates injured tissues to cause [[General Pathology - Chronic Inflammation#Granulomatous Inflammation|granulomatous inflammation]] lesions of soft tissues and bone, causing [[Oral Cavity - Teeth#Mandibular Osteomyelitis|lumpy jaw]]
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***Usually invades mandible to cause [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] and may extend to surrounding [[Muscles - inflammatory#Actinomycosis bovis|muscles]]
 
***Organisms found in yellow sulphur granules
 
***Organisms found in yellow sulphur granules
 
***Club colony formation
 
***Club colony formation
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**''Actinomyces viscosus''
 
**''Actinomyces viscosus''
 
***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
 
***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
***Causes localised abscesses of skin or granulomatous lesions in thorax leading to pyothorax in dogs
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***Canine actinomycosis
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***Causes localised subcutaneous pyogranulomatous lesions and fibrovascular proliferation of peritoneal and pleural surfaces in dogs
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***Leads to [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]]
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***Respiratory distress
 
***Cutaneous pustules in horses
 
***Cutaneous pustules in horses
 
***Abortion in cattle
 
***Abortion in cattle
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***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
 
***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
 
***Grow in 10% carbon dioxide
 
***Grow in 10% carbon dioxide
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***Usually responds to penicillin
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**''Actinomyces hordeovulneris''
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***Organism found in seed heads of certain grasses
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***Colonies adhere to agar and are non-haemolytic
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***Filamentous, branching organisms
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***Cause cutaneous and visceral abscessation, pleuritis, peritonitis and arthritis in dogs
       
===''Actinobaculum suis''===
 
===''Actinobaculum suis''===
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**Found in preputial mucosa of boars
 
**Found in preputial mucosa of boars
 
**Anaerobic
 
**Anaerobic
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*''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil
 
*''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil
 
*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
 
*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
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*Involved in [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]] and [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] in dogs
 
*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
 
*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
 
*Lesions in thoracic cavity, skin and other tissues
 
*Lesions in thoracic cavity, skin and other tissues
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===''Dermatophilus congolensis''===
 
===''Dermatophilus congolensis''===
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*Aerobic  
 
*Aerobic  
 
*Motile zoospores
 
*Motile zoospores
 
*No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar
 
*No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar
 
*Found in scabs and in foci on skin of carrier animals
 
*Found in scabs and in foci on skin of carrier animals
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