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| ==What is Histidine?== | | ==What is Histidine?== |
− | Histidine is an '''essential amino acid''' for dogs and cats. It is characterised as a gluconeogenic amino acid and contains a positively charged imidazole side chain. Dietary histidine is absorbed by a neutral amino acid transporter in the small intestine (particularly the jejunum) and plasma histidine is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the kidney. | + | Histidine is an '''essential amino acid''' for dogs and cats. It is characterised as a gluconeogenic amino acid and contains a positively charged imidazole side chain. Dietary histidine is absorbed by a neutral amino acid transporter in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] (particularly the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]) and plasma histidine is actively reabsorbed in the [[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy#Proximal Tubule|proximal tubule]] of the kidney. |
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| ==Why is it Important?== | | ==Why is it Important?== |
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| ==Roles in the Body== | | ==Roles in the Body== |
| Histidine is present at high concentrations in haemoglobin; the positive charge on the imidazole side chain of this amino acid promotes oxygen exchange in the lungs and other tissues<ref>Cianciaruso B, et al. Histidine, an essential amino acid for adult dogs. J Nutr 1981;111:1074-1084.</ref>. | | Histidine is present at high concentrations in haemoglobin; the positive charge on the imidazole side chain of this amino acid promotes oxygen exchange in the lungs and other tissues<ref>Cianciaruso B, et al. Histidine, an essential amino acid for adult dogs. J Nutr 1981;111:1074-1084.</ref>. |
− | Histamine a neuro-active compound is formed from the decarboxylation of histidine, and plays a role in immune function and vasodilation. Carnosine is a histidine derived dipeptide that acts as a cellular antioxidant and copper and zinc chelator within mammalian cells<ref>Boldyrev AA, et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine. Physiol Rev 2013;93:1803-1845.</ref>. | + | '''Histamine a neuro-active compound is formed from the decarboxylation of histidine, and plays a role in immune function and vasodilation'''. '''Carnosine is a histidine derived dipeptide that acts as a cellular antioxidant and copper and zinc chelator within mammalian cells'''<ref>Boldyrev AA, et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine. Physiol Rev 2013;93:1803-1845.</ref>. |
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| ==Consequences of Histidine Deficiency== | | ==Consequences of Histidine Deficiency== |
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| ==Diagnosing Histidine Deficiency== | | ==Diagnosing Histidine Deficiency== |
− | Diagnosis of histidine deficiency is based on fasted plasma amino acids and the presence of hypoalbuminemia and low serum haemoglobin concentration. | + | Diagnosis of histidine deficiency is based on fasted plasma amino acids and the presence of [[Hypoalbuminaemia|hypoalbuminemia]] and low serum haemoglobin concentration. |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| [[Category:To Do - Nutrition]] | | [[Category:To Do - Nutrition]] |
− | [[Category:To Do - Nutrition GGP]] | + | [[Category:To Do - Nutrition preMars]] |