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Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 15:53, 9 July 2008
, 15:53, 9 July 2008→Introduction
The small intestine extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the caecum. The small intestine recieves chyme from stomach. Most chemical degradation of the chyme and absorption takes place in the small intestine. Fats are exclusively broken down in this part of the alimentary tract. Carbohydrates and proteins that are not degraded in the small intestine are available for microbial fermentation in the large intestine. The small intestine produces enzymes for digestion of protein, carbohydrate and fat and absorbs the products of their digestion. Enzymes are produced by glands in the intestinal wall and the pancreas. The gall bladder produces bile which emulsifies fats for digestion. Absorption is facilitated by ridges in the small intestine and by the presence of villi and microvilli.
The small intestine extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the caecum. The small intestine recieves chyme from stomach. Most chemical degradation of the chyme and absorption takes place in the small intestine. Fats are exclusively broken down in this part of the alimentary tract. Carbohydrates and proteins that are not degraded in the small intestine are available for microbial fermentation in the large intestine. The small intestine produces enzymes for digestion of protein, carbohydrate and fat and absorbs the products of their digestion. Enzymes are produced by glands in the intestinal wall and the pancreas. The gall bladder produces bile which emulsifies fats for digestion. Absorption is facilitated by ridges in the small intestine and by the presence of villi and microvilli.
====Development====
The small intestine develops from the digestive tube, which exists ventrally in the developing embryo. The digestive tube is endoderm, and therefore the small intestine and it's associated glands develop primarily from endoderm. Splanchnic mesoderm surrounds the digestive tube and gives rise to muscles of the tunica muscularis (for peristalsis), blood vessels in the submucosa and connective tissue of the serosa.
The small intestine consists of three parts:
The small intestine consists of three parts: