Line 15: |
Line 15: |
| !align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l | | !align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l |
| |5.5 | | |5.5 |
− | |(4 - 7.3) | + | |(4 - 7.1) |
| |'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:''' | | |'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:''' |
| Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. | | Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. |
Line 21: |
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| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV % | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV % |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33 | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(27 - 42) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small> | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|Hb g/dl | | !align="left"|Hb g/dl |
− | |11.6 | + | |11.0 |
− | |(9 - 15.3) | + | |(8.9 - 14.7) |
| |<small>As above</small> | | |<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|20.6 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17.6 - 23.1) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:''' | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:''' |
| Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. | | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|MCHC g/dl | | !align="left"|MCHC g/dl |
− | |34.8 | + | |34 |
− | |(31.4 - 39.1) | + | |(31 - 37) |
| |'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:''' | | |'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:''' |
| Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. | | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|60 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(53 - 67) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l | | !align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l |
− | |10.2 | + | |10 |
− | |(6.1 - 16.1) | + | |(6.2 - 15) |
| |'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur | | |'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur |
| during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. | | during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU % | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU % |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|38.3 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(23 - 59) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | | !align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l |
− | |5.0 | + | |3.7 |
− | |(2.2 - 13.3) | + | |(2.4 - 6.3) |
| |<small>As above</small> | | |<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS % | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS % |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4.0 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0.9 - 9.1) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | | !align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l |
− | |0.38 | + | |0.4 |
− | |(0.09 - 1.15) | + | |(0.1 - 0.9) |
| |<small>As above</small> | | |<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS % | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS % |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.05 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.5) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys. | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | | !align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l |
| |0 | | |0 |
− | |(0 - 0.5) | + | |(0 - 0.07) |
| |<small>As above</small> | | |<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|54 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(34 - 69) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | | !align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l |
− | |4.2 | + | |5.5 |
− | |(1.8 - 7.8) | + | |(2.2 - 9.6) |
| |<small>As above</small> | | |<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % | | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|3.0 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 7.5) |
| |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. |
| |- | | |- |
| !align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | | !align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l |
− | |0.13 | + | |0.3 |
− | |(0 - 0.8) | + | |(0 - 0.75) |
| |<small>As above</small> | | |<small>As above</small> |
| |- | | |- |