Changes

===Elbow Joint===

===Elbow Joint===

Movement of the elbow joint is restricted to the [[Planes and Axes - Anatomy & Physiology|sagittal plane]]. It is bounded medially and laterally by collateral ligaments betweek the humerus and radius, caudally by the olecranon ligament between the humerus and olecranon, and further enforced by the annular radial ligament. The elbow is a compound joint including:

*The radius articulates with the capitulum and lateral trochlear surface of the humeral condyle. Whilst the medial part articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

*The [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Joints|'''hinge joint''']] between the humerus and the radius and ulna

*To allow the radius to rotate slightly the radial head has a marginal band of cartilage making the articular circumference. It faces the radial notch of the ulna bewteen the medial and lateral coronoid processes.

*The [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Joints|'''pivot joint''']] between the radius and ulna

*The joint capsule runs from just proximal to the articular surface of the condyle of the humerus to the periphery of the olecranon fossa; it pouches between the ulna and radius, and under the tendinous attachments of some muscles.

*The point of the elbow, or the '''olecranon''' is formed by the anconeal process of the ulna inserting into the olecranon fossa of the humerus

*'''Collateral ligaments''' - are paired and lie medially and laterally; they both proximally attach to the epicondyle and distally attaches to the tuberosities of the radius and ulna.

 

*'''Annular ligament''' of the radius - attaches to the sides of the coronoid process of the ulna. This runs deep to the collateral ligaments and forms a ring for the radial head to turn in during pronation and supination.

 

*The radius and ulna are joined mid-shaft by the '''interosseous ligament'''; the remainder is filled by the interosseous membrane.

==Structures of the Distal Forelimb==

==Structures of the Distal Forelimb==