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→What antigens do we use in the vaccine?
*Long duration of action
*Long duration of action
==What antigens do we use in the vaccine?==
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
'''Whole Organsim'''
*Live attenuated organism
**Virulent organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
**Virulence is reduced by growing the organism in altered conditions so that it is less able to replicate when introduced to the host and therefore less likely to cause disease
*Killed inactivated organism or toxin (toxoid)
**Virulent and toxic organisms cannot be used as vaccines as they would cause disease
**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still posess the antigens to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host
**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the antigens needed to produce an immune reponse but will not be harmful to the host
**Needs two doses
'''Subunit Vaccine''' (part of the organism)
*Purified protein
**From lysed organisms
*Recombinant or synthetic protein
**The gene for the antigen required is inserted into a virus vector or cloned into bacteria
**Small antigens, such as peptides can be synthetically produced
*DNA coding for proteins (antigens)
**Can be vaccinated directly into the host
==Links==
==Links==