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====Antigenicity====
 
====Antigenicity====
 
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*Unrelated to HIV
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*No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate
    
====Hosts====
 
====Hosts====
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====Pathogenesis====
 
====Pathogenesis====
 
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*Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells
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**Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response
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*Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus
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Two versions:
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*Avirulent:
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**Transient infection with no CD4 decline
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*Virulent:
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**Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
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**#'''High circulating virus''' for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, '''thymic aplasia''' esp in kittens
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**#'''Remission''': decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by '''immune exhaustion'''
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****Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response
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****Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as '''white nodules'''
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**#'''Rapidly progressing infection''' with high virus present
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****Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases
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****Nonregenerative anemia
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****Leucopenia
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****Neutropenia
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****Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of '''immunosuppression'''
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****Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression
    
====Epidemiology====
 
====Epidemiology====
 
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*Transfer via '''saliva''', though usually through a '''bite''' (FIV is the '''disease of enemies''')
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*Can transfer via '''milk''' or '''mutual grooming''' in multicat households
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*Also transferred via '''mating'''
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*Particular concern amongst '''stray males''': 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive
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*Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats
    
====Diagnosis====
 
====Diagnosis====
 
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*'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody'''
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**False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab
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*Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting)
    
====Control====
 
====Control====
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*'''No UK vaccine'''
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*Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing
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*Isolate and castrate
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*Preventative neutering of males
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