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*secondary infections
 
*secondary infections
 
===Definitive Diagnosis===
 
===Definitive Diagnosis===
Inspection uder a General anaesthetic making sure to check under the tongue for foreign bodies.
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Inspection under a general anaesthetic making sure to check under the tongue for foreign bodies.
 
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
The animal should be evaluated and treated for systemic involvement, which may be life-threatening in some cases
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*'''Caustic chemicals''': exagerated flushing of the mouth with water.  
If contact with a corrosive chemical is seen and the chemical is alkaline, the mouth may be flushed with mild solutions of vinegar or citrus juice; if the chemical is acidic, a solution of sodium bicarbonate may be used. Copious flushing of the mouth with water may help remove some of the chemical substances. More commonly, the animal is seen too long after the exposure for neutralization to be effective.  
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*'''Lacerations''': Primary or secondary repair with or without debridement.
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*'''General''': Antibiotics, palliative treatment aimed at reducing oral discomfort including  anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly corticosteroids. Assisted feeding (Naso-oesophageal, oesophageal, ventricular or enteral) should be used if normal feeding cannot be maintained.
 
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
    
==References==
 
==References==
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Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D., (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry (3rd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''
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