Difference between revisions of "Thromboembolism"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 117: Line 117:
  
 
[[Category:Arterial_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]]
 
[[Category:Arterial_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular Pathology - Dog]]
+
[[Category:Cardiovascular Diseases - Dog]]

Revision as of 15:37, 16 December 2010

Sarcoma embolus (dog). Courtesy of T. Scase

Description

  • As the name implies, a thromboembolism is a clot (thrombus) or foreign body that blocks vessels a distance away from its original site of origin.
  • The most significant sites of thromboembolic formation are the following: lungs, CNS, terminal aorta, kidneys.


Requirements for thromboembolism formation:

1. Disruption of endothelial integrity

2. Disruption of flow

3. Disruption of blood haemostasis

4. Disruption of fibrinolysis


The incidence of thromboembolism greatly increases with certain diseases including:

-Heart Disease

-Neoplasia

-Blood Disorders

-Parasitic Diseases

-Hyperadrenocorticism


Diagnosis

History & Clinical Signs

5 P's:

-Pain

-Paresis

-Pallor

-Pulselessness

-Polar (cold extremities)


Long Term Effects:

-Necrosis


Specific Problems:

  • Signs are dependant on site of thromboembolism

-Neurological problems (acute)

-Renal Failure (acute)

-Dyspnoea (acute)


Laboratory Findings

  • Heavily dependent on thromboembolic site


-Hyperkalemia

-Acidosis

-Increased Lactate

-Azotemia

-Elevated serum creatine phospohokinase


Radiography, Echocardiography, Angiography

-Clots may be seen by the above methods

Treatment

-Treat underlying conditions

-Pain Relief (e.g. morphine)

-Support with IV fluids

-Anticoagulants:

1. Heparin

2. Aspirin


Prognosis

-Grave

Literature Search

CABI logo.jpg


Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).


Feline thromboembolism. Moïse, N. S.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 22, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2008, 2008, pp 229-232 - Full Text Article