Difference between revisions of "Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis"
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*URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles | *URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles | ||
| − | *[[Rhinitis|Rhinitis]], [[Pharyngitis|pharyngitis]], [[Laryngitis|laryngitis]], [[Tracheitis|tracheitis]], [[ | + | *[[Rhinitis|Rhinitis]], [[Pharyngitis|pharyngitis]], [[Laryngitis|laryngitis]], [[Tracheitis|tracheitis]], [[Bronchitis|bronchiolitis]] |
*Morbidity is high, mortality is low | *Morbidity is high, mortality is low | ||
*Highly infectious URT disease of cattle | *Highly infectious URT disease of cattle | ||
Revision as of 16:21, 19 February 2011
Also known as IBR Caused by:Bovine Herpesvirus 1
- aerosol transfer
Pathogenesis
- BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
- Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity: serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing
- Dypsnoea, anorexia
- Rhinotracheitis that can develop into bronchopneumonia
- Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate
- Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
- Generally high morbidity, low mortality, but up to 75% mortality if concurrent with BVDV, caused by meningo-encephalitis
Diagnosis
- Virus isolation and immunofluorescence
Control
- Vaccination:
- Two live attenuated vaccines are available in the UK, one is temperature-sensitive
- Both given intranasally
- Neither protect against re-infection when given during clinical outbreak, but can lessen the severity of the disease
- Inactivated vaccines: intranasal/intramuscular administration
- gE deletion makes this a marker vaccine
- ELISA for gE deletion can enable culling of carrier animals
- Two live attenuated vaccines are available in the UK, one is temperature-sensitive
- IPV has mostly been made obsolete by AI
- URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
- Rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchiolitis
- Morbidity is high, mortality is low
- Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
- Spread by movement of animals, aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
- Early stages (only first few days) may show intracellular inclusions in the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells
- Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent
- With secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death
- Underlying hyperaemic inflammatory response
- Can become latent following primary infection
- Clinical signs:nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate
- Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
- Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
- May contribute to Enzootic pneumonia of calves
May cause cutaneous skin infections.
Caused by herpes virus 1 in cows. Results in abortion late in gestation 3-6 weeks after exposure.
Abortion occurs soon after foetal death. Foetus may be autolysed. Intranuclear inclusions present in liver.