Difference between revisions of "Theileria"

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[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
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{{Taxobox
[[Image:Lymph node smear East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lymph node smear of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
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|name              = Theileria spp
[[Image:H and E stain brain East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|150px|H and E stain of brain and meningal vessels of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
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|kingdom            = Protista
[[Image:Theileria cervi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria cervi'' (deer) - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]#
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|sub-kingdom        =
 
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|phylum            =Protozoa
*Main species of veterinary importance is ''Theileria parva''
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|super-class        =
**Causes '''[[East Coast Fever]]'''
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|class              =
***Severe, proliferative lymphatic disease of cattle
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|sub-class          =
***Central and Eastern Africa
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|super-order        =
***Transmitted by [[Hard Ticks - Overseas|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']]
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|order              = Piroplasmorida
***[[Ticks#Disease Transmission|Trans-stadial]] transmission
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|sub-order          =
 
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|super-family      =
*Other ''Theileria'' species cause production losses in cattle and sheep in the Middle East, Mediterranean and in Northern Africa
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|family            = Theileriidae
 
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|sub-family        =
'''Life Cycle'''
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|genus              = Theileria
*Incubation phase lasts 1 week
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|species            = Theileria parva and others
 
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}}
*Lymphoblast proliferation
 
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] first infected then spreads through body
 
**Occurs in week two
 
 
 
*Lymphoid depletion
 
**[[Lymphocytes - Introduction|Lymphocytes]] killed
 
**Decreases lymphopoiesis
 
**Occurs in week 3
 
 
 
*Total incubation period takes about 18 days
 
 
 
'''Diagnosis'''
 
*Clinical signs
 
**Pyrexia
 
**Enlarged local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]]
 
***Usually parotid [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] as [[Hard Ticks - Overseas|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] feeds in the ear
 
**Loss of condition
 
 
 
*Examine Giemsa stained smears of:
 
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] aspirated for schizonts
 
**Blood smears for piroplasms in red blood cells
 
 
 
*Post-mortem
 
**Pulmonary oedema
 
**Gut mucosal haemorrhages
 
**[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph node]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|splenic]] cellular atrophy
 
 
 
'''Control'''
 
*Integrated control of both the [[Tick Control|tick vector]] and disease
 
**[[Vaccines|Vaccination]] and [[Ectoparasiticides]]
 
 
 
*Current [[Vaccines|vaccination]] is live unattentuated
 
**Contains frozen stabilate of ground up tick gut containing infective sporozoites
 
**Long lasting oxytetracycline administered at the same time to slow down schizogony giving the immune response time to develop
 
 
 
 
 
''Theileria equi'' (formerly ''Babesia equi'') and ''Babesia caballi'' cause [[Babesiosis - Horse|babesiosis in horses]]
 
 
 
[[Theileriosis - Cattle]]
 
 
 
==Test yourself with the Piroplasmida Flashcards==
 
 
 
[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
 
 
 
[[Category:Piroplasmida]]
 
 
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Steph]]
 

Revision as of 10:50, 4 June 2011

Theileria spp
Kingdom Protista
Phylum Protozoa
Order Piroplasmorida
Family Theileriidae
Genus Theileria
Species Theileria parva and others