Changes

==Cardinal Signs==

==Cardinal Signs==

* The classical gross signs of inflammation have been recognised since the time of Celsus (25BC-AD50).

The classical gross signs of inflammation have been recognised since the time of Celsus (25BC-AD50). These are now known as the cardinal signs of inflammation.

** These are known as the cardinal signs of inflammation.

# '''Reddening'''

# '''Reddening''' (rubor)

#* Caused by increased blood flow (hyperaemia) to the area, due to dilation of previously inconspicuous capillaries..

#* Caused by increased blood flow (hyperaemia) to the area, due to dilation of previously inconspicuous capillaries.

# '''Swelling'''

# '''Swelling''' (tumour)

#* The inflamed area appears swollen due to exudation of fluid from the dilated blood vessels into the inflamed tissue.

#* The inflamed area appears swollen due to exudation of fluid from the dilated blood vessels into the inflamed tissue.

# '''Heat'''

# '''Heat''' (rubor)

#* There is increased heat in the affected tissue due to increased blood flow.

#* There is increased heat in the affected tissue due to increased blood flow.

#* The temperature of the inflamed portion approximates to internal body temperature.

#* The temperature of the inflamed portion approximates to internal body temperature.

# '''Pain'''

# '''Pain''' (dolor)

#* Chemical mediators of pain are release by damaged tissue. in the affected tissue caused by #* Inflammatory exudate puts local pressure on nerve endings.  

#*Chemical mediators of pain are released by damaged tissue. in the affected tissue caused by #* Inflammatory exudate puts local pressure on nerve endings.  

# '''Loss of function'''

# '''Loss of function'''

#* The pain and damage to the tissue result in a reluctance to use the inflamed portion.

#* The pain and damage to the tissue result in a reluctance to use the inflamed portion.