Changes

Thoracic Limb Extrinsic Muscles - Horse Anatomy (view source)

Revision as of 20:01, 13 November 2012

70 bytes added , 20:01, 13 November 2012

m

Text replace - "[[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy" to "[[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy"

Line 1: Line 1:

==Introduction==

−

These muscles are responsible for joining the forelimb to the trunk, forming a '''synsarcosis''' rather than a conventional joint. Collectively, they act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs, as well as to stabilize the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]].

+

These muscles are responsible for joining the forelimb to the trunk, forming a '''synsarcosis''' rather than a conventional joint. Collectively, they act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs, as well as to stabilize the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]].

====Superficial Musculature====

Line 6: Line 6:

:'''Innervatation''': Accessory n.

:'''Origin''': Mid-dorsal raphe and supraspinous ligament

−

:'''Insertion''': Spine of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

+

:'''Insertion''': Spine of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

:'''Body''': Two parts, cervical and thoracic, separated by aponeurosis

−

:'''Action''': Raises the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] against the trunk and swings cranially to advance the limb

+

:'''Action''': Raises the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] against the trunk and swings cranially to advance the limb

'''''Brachiocephalic'''''

Line 14: Line 14:

:Two parts ('''cleidobrachial''' and '''cleidocephalic''' muscle) separated by the clavicle, where it exists

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal crest, wing of atlas and the transverse processes of the 2nd-4th cervical vertebrae

−

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

+

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

:'''Action''': Advances the limb and extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] joint when limb is in motion. Draws the head and neck ventrally when the limb is fixed

Line 20: Line 20:

:'''Innervatation''': Accessory n. and Axillary n.

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal crest

−

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity, crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] and fascia of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] as the '''cleidobrachialis''' muscle

+

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity, crest of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] and fascia of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] as the '''cleidobrachialis''' muscle

:'''Action''': If acting bilaterally, it draws the head and neck down and backwards. If the acting with one [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] fixed, it draws the head, upper arm fascia and neck to one side.

Line 27: Line 27:

:The broadest muscle of the back

:'''Origin''': Thoracolumbar fascia

−

:'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

+

:'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

:'''Action''': Antagonist to the brachiocephalic m. It retracts the free limb and flexes [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] joint. It also draws the trunk forward over the fixed limb.

Line 37: Line 37:

::Caudal ('''transverse''') - First six costal cartilages and ventral sternum

:'''Insertion''':

−

::Cranial ('''descending''') - The crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]], distal to the deltoid tuberosity

+

::Cranial ('''descending''') - The crest of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]], distal to the deltoid tuberosity

::Caudal ('''transverse''') - Covers the elbow joint to insert on the medial fascia of the forearm

:'''Action''': Adducts the forelimb, assist in protraction and retraction

−

:The cranial ('''descending''') pectoral muscle forms a visible prominence cranial to the sternum; extending between the manubrium and the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral crest]].

+

:The cranial ('''descending''') pectoral muscle forms a visible prominence cranial to the sternum; extending between the manubrium and the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral crest]].

====Deep Musculature====

Line 47: Line 47:

:'''Innervation''': Cranial and caudal thoracic n.

:'''Origin''': Xiphoid and 4th costal cartilages of the sternum

−

:'''Insertion''': Two branches on the lesser and greater tubercles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]], supraglenoid tubercle of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

+

:'''Insertion''': Two branches on the lesser and greater tubercles of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]], supraglenoid tubercle of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

:'''Action''':Draws the limb back, supports the trunk, moves the trunk cranially over an advanced limb and extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]].

Line 55: Line 55:

:'''Innervation''': Dorsal and ventral Cervical n., long thoracic n.

:'''Origin''': 1st-7th rib, transverse process of cervical vertebrae

−

:'''Insertion''': Medial [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula and scapular cartilage]]

+

:'''Insertion''': Medial [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula and scapular cartilage]]

:'''Action''': Supports the weight of the trunk. It is reinforced by strong fascia. The cervical portion can retract the limb and the caudal portion can advance the limb.

Line 65: Line 65:

::Thoracic - Spinous processes of 2nd-6th cervical and 7th thoracic vertebrae

:'''Insertion''':

−

::Cervical - Unites with trapezius to insert on [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]]

+

::Cervical - Unites with trapezius to insert on [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]]

−

::Thoracic - [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

+

::Thoracic - [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

−

:'''Action''': Draws the limb forward and elevates the limb and neck. Fixes the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] against the trunk.

+

:'''Action''': Draws the limb forward and elevates the limb and neck. Fixes the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] against the trunk.

[[Category:To Do - AP Review]]

Bara

Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators

53,803

edits