Difference between revisions of "Equine Nervous System - Horse Anatomy"
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===Cranial Nerves=== | ===Cranial Nerves=== | ||
Cranial nerves arise from the brain and [[Hindbrain - Anatomy & Physiology|brain stem]], rather than the spinal cord. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are the [[PNS Structure - Anatomy & Physiology|peripheral nerves]]. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|foramina in the skull]], either individually or in groups. Cranial nerves are traditionally referred to by Roman numerals and these numerals begin cranially and run caudally. | Cranial nerves arise from the brain and [[Hindbrain - Anatomy & Physiology|brain stem]], rather than the spinal cord. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are the [[PNS Structure - Anatomy & Physiology|peripheral nerves]]. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|foramina in the skull]], either individually or in groups. Cranial nerves are traditionally referred to by Roman numerals and these numerals begin cranially and run caudally. | ||
| + | The most cranial nerve is the '''Olfactory nerve (I)''' which runs from the nasal cavity through to the olfactory bulb. The next most cranial is the '''Optic nerve (II)''' which runs from the eyes to the [[Forebrain - Anatomy & Physiology#Thalamus|thalamus]]. Cranial nerves III to XII all exit from the brain stem and innervate the head, neck and organs in the thorax and abdomen. In order of most cranial to caudal, these include the '''Oculomotor nerve (III)''', the '''Trochlear nerve (IV)''', the '''Trigeminal nerve (V)''', the '''Abducens nerve (VI)''', the '''Facial nerve (VII)''', the '''Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)''', the '''Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)''', the '''Vagus nerve (X)''', the '''Accessory nerve (XI)''' and the '''Hypoglossal nerve (XII)'''. | ||
====Olfactory Nerve (I)==== | ====Olfactory Nerve (I)==== | ||
====Optic Nerve (II)==== | ====Optic Nerve (II)==== | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 21 November 2012
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This article is still under construction. |
Central Nervous System
Brain
The brain is responsible for co-ordinating, integrating and controlling the rest of the nervous system. The brain is divided into several parts. Based on phylogenetic development, it can be divided into the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Based on gross anatomy, it can be divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The brain is enclosed within the cranial cavity of the skull.
Forebrain
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Cerebral Cortex
Limbic System
Olfactory Bulb
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Cranial Nerves
Cranial nerves arise from the brain and brain stem, rather than the spinal cord. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are the peripheral nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through foramina in the skull, either individually or in groups. Cranial nerves are traditionally referred to by Roman numerals and these numerals begin cranially and run caudally. The most cranial nerve is the Olfactory nerve (I) which runs from the nasal cavity through to the olfactory bulb. The next most cranial is the Optic nerve (II) which runs from the eyes to the thalamus. Cranial nerves III to XII all exit from the brain stem and innervate the head, neck and organs in the thorax and abdomen. In order of most cranial to caudal, these include the Oculomotor nerve (III), the Trochlear nerve (IV), the Trigeminal nerve (V), the Abducens nerve (VI), the Facial nerve (VII), the Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), the Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the Vagus nerve (X), the Accessory nerve (XI) and the Hypoglossal nerve (XII).