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==Musculature and Innervation==
 
==Musculature and Innervation==
 +
 +
*Sensation and taste from glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
    
*Palatine muscle
 
*Palatine muscle
 
     -Origin: hard palate transeverse ridges
 
     -Origin: hard palate transeverse ridges
     -Insertion:  
+
     -Insertion: soft palate
 +
    -Shortens palate
 +
    -Major innervation from vagus nerve (CN X) and minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve (CN IX)
    
*Tensor velli palatini
 
*Tensor velli palatini
     -Origin: near tympanic bulla
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     -Origin: near tympanic bulla on temporal bone
     -Insertion:
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     -Insertion: lateral aponeurosis
 
     -Pharyngeal arch 1
 
     -Pharyngeal arch 1
 
     -Mandibular of trigeminal (CN V3)
 
     -Mandibular of trigeminal (CN V3)
 +
    -Tenses soft palate
   −
*Levator
+
*Levator velli palatini
     -Origin: near tympanic bulla
+
     -Origin: near tympanic bulla on temporal bone
     -Insertion:
+
     -Insertion: lateral aponeurosis
 +
    -Raises soft palate
 +
    -Major innervation from vagus nerve (CN X) and minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve (CN IX)
    
*Palatopharyngeus
 
*Palatopharyngeus
 
     -closes palatopharyngeal arch and therefore lift soft palate
 
     -closes palatopharyngeal arch and therefore lift soft palate
 +
    -Major innervation from vagus nerve (CN X) and minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve (CN IX)
   −
*Sensation and taste from glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
      
==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
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