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| *Can cause septicaemia, encephalitis, abortion and endophthalmitis in ruminants | | *Can cause septicaemia, encephalitis, abortion and endophthalmitis in ruminants |
| *Outbreaks of listeriosis often linked to silage feeding | | *Outbreaks of listeriosis often linked to silage feeding |
| + | *Occurs in North and East Europe and North America |
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| *Tumbling motility | | *Tumbling motility |
| *Facultative anaerobes | | *Facultative anaerobes |
| + | *Intracellular pathogens |
| *''L. monocytogenes is haemolytic on blood agar due to a cytolytic protein, listeriolysin; grows at range of pH values and temperatures | | *''L. monocytogenes is haemolytic on blood agar due to a cytolytic protein, listeriolysin; grows at range of pH values and temperatures |
| *''L. ivanovii produces strong haemolytic zone | | *''L. ivanovii produces strong haemolytic zone |
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| *Listeria are motile in the cytoplasm | | *Listeria are motile in the cytoplasm |
| *Bacteria induce formation of pseudopod projections in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are taken up with the bacteria into adjacent cells | | *Bacteria induce formation of pseudopod projections in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are taken up with the bacteria into adjacent cells |
| + | *Cell-mediated immune response required for protection |
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| *Neural listeriosis: | | *Neural listeriosis: |
| **Incubation period 14-40 days | | **Incubation period 14-40 days |
| + | **Meningoencephalitis |
| **Dullness, circling, head tilt, facial paralysis, drool saliva, droop of eyelid and ear | | **Dullness, circling, head tilt, facial paralysis, drool saliva, droop of eyelid and ear |
| **Exposure keratitis | | **Exposure keratitis |
| **Fever during early stages | | **Fever during early stages |
| **Recumbency and death within a few days in sheep and goats | | **Recumbency and death within a few days in sheep and goats |
− | **Abortion up to 12 days after infection in cattle | + | **Abortion up to 12 days after infection in cattle; usually recover but may get septicaemia |
| *Septicaemic listeriosis: | | *Septicaemic listeriosis: |
| **Incubation perios 2-3 days | | **Incubation perios 2-3 days |
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| **Occurs in newborn piglets, foals, poultry, adult sheep | | **Occurs in newborn piglets, foals, poultry, adult sheep |
| *Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep - direct contact with silage via eye | | *Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep - direct contact with silage via eye |
| + | *Pneumonia, myocarditis, enodcarditis |
| + | *Zoonosis - consumption of contaminated unpasteurised milk; memingitis and meningoencephalitis; abortion |
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| *''L. ivanovii causes sporadic abortion in sheep and cattle | | *''L. ivanovii causes sporadic abortion in sheep and cattle |