Difference between revisions of "Diabetes Mellitus"
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| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
='''Diabetes mellitus'''= | ='''Diabetes mellitus'''= | ||
| − | + | *Clinically significant glucose intolerance | |
| − | *Chronic disease caused by deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism | + | *Chronic disease caused by absolute or relevant deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism |
*Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat | *Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
*Complication of pancreatic fibrosis | *Complication of pancreatic fibrosis | ||
*Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance | *Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance | ||
| + | *Chronic insulin resistance results in hyperinsulinism leading to islet exhaustion | ||
| + | |||
===Clinical signs=== | ===Clinical signs=== | ||
| Line 18: | Line 20: | ||
*Polyuria | *Polyuria | ||
*Polydypsia | *Polydypsia | ||
| − | *Ketonuria | + | *Polyphagia |
| − | *Metabolic acidosis | + | *Weight loss |
| + | *Muscle wasting (but some animals may present obese) | ||
| + | *Hepatomegaly | ||
| + | *Cataracts (dogs) | ||
| + | *Later stages when becoming ketoacidotic | ||
| + | **Dehydration | ||
| + | **Depression | ||
| + | **Inappetance | ||
| + | **Vomiting | ||
| + | **Diarrhoea | ||
| + | **Ketotic breath | ||
| + | **Ketonuria | ||
| + | **Metabolic acidosis | ||
*Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death | *Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death | ||
Revision as of 14:00, 8 August 2007
Diabetes mellitus
- Clinically significant glucose intolerance
- Chronic disease caused by absolute or relevant deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
- Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat
Aetiology
Can be caused by
- Absolute deficiency of insulin
- Antagonism of insulin by hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands, anterior pituitary causing high levels of blood glucose
- Complication of pancreatic fibrosis
- Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance
- Chronic insulin resistance results in hyperinsulinism leading to islet exhaustion
Clinical signs
- Hyperglycaemia
- Polyuria
- Polydypsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss
- Muscle wasting (but some animals may present obese)
- Hepatomegaly
- Cataracts (dogs)
- Later stages when becoming ketoacidotic
- Dehydration
- Depression
- Inappetance
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Ketotic breath
- Ketonuria
- Metabolic acidosis
- Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death
Pathology
- Pancreas appers normal or reduced in size due to fibrosis
- In cats, amyloidosis is sometimes present in the islets
- Fatty change is consistently present in the liver and kidneys
- The lens in the eye is often opaque due to deposition of sorbitol causing it to swell (glucose is converted into sorbitol once the glycolytic pathway is saturated)