Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"

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==<font color="purple">Host invasion</font>==
 
==<font color="purple">Host invasion</font>==

Revision as of 13:59, 10 September 2008


Host invasion

Question Answer Article
By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
  • Contact
  • Aerosol
  • Orofecal
Link to Answer Article


Viruses

Question Answer Article
Naked viruses contain only...?
  • RNA/DNA and protein coat
Link to Answer Article
Name three functions of viral structural proteins
  • Protection of the genome
  • Attachment to host cell
  • Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
Link to Answer Article
Name the two main innate defences against viral infection
  • Interferon
  • Natural killer cells
Link to Answer Article
Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
  • IgA
Link to Answer Article
What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
  • Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
  • Virolysis
Link to Answer Article
When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
  • Blocking the virus receptor
  • Lysis of infected cells
  • Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
Link to Answer Article
What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?
  • IFN-γ
  • TNF
Link to Answer Article

Bacteria

Question Answer Article
Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
  • Few repeated sequences
  • Most of the DNA is transcibed
  • No intervening sequences within structural genes
Link to Answer Article
These surface components allow bacteria to move around
  • Flagella
Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
  • Gram-negative
Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
  • Cocci
Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
  • Rods or bacilli
Link to Answer Article
What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
  • Koch's postulates
Link to Answer Article
What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
  • Endotoxin shock
Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
  • Binary fission
Link to Answer Article
By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
  • Transformation
  • Transduction
  • Conjugation
Link to Answer Article