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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (view source)
Revision as of 18:54, 20 October 2008
, 18:54, 20 October 2008no edit summary
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+ + + +
====Antigenicity====
====Antigenicity====
−*Unrelated to HIV
+*No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate
====Hosts====
====Hosts====
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====Pathogenesis====
====Pathogenesis====
−*Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells
+**Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response
+*Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus
+Two versions:
+*Avirulent:
+**Transient infection with no CD4 decline
+*Virulent:
+**Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
+**#'''High circulating virus''' for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, '''thymic aplasia''' esp in kittens
+**#'''Remission''': decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by '''immune exhaustion'''
+****Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response
+****Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as '''white nodules'''
+**#'''Rapidly progressing infection''' with high virus present
+****Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases
+****Nonregenerative anemia
+****Leucopenia
+****Neutropenia
+****Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of '''immunosuppression'''
+****Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression
====Epidemiology====
====Epidemiology====
−*Transfer via '''saliva''', though usually through a '''bite''' (FIV is the '''disease of enemies''')
+*Can transfer via '''milk''' or '''mutual grooming''' in multicat households
+*Also transferred via '''mating'''
+*Particular concern amongst '''stray males''': 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive
+*Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats
====Diagnosis====
====Diagnosis====
−*'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody'''
+**False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab
+*Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting)
====Control====
====Control====
+*'''No UK vaccine'''
+*Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing
+*Isolate and castrate
+*Preventative neutering of males