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|Potential zoonosis; oral ulcers in Asiatic monkeys, fatal encephalitis in man
 
|Potential zoonosis; oral ulcers in Asiatic monkeys, fatal encephalitis in man
 
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*Equine herpes virus 1 and 4 in [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Equine rhinopneumonitis|respiratory infections]]
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*Canine herpes virus 1 in [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Canine herpes virus|respiratory disease]]
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*In [[Viral skin infections - Pathology#Herpesviruses|skin infections]]
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**Bovine herpes virus 1, 2 4
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**Equine herpes virus 3
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**Feline herpes virus 1
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===Feline herpesvirus -1===
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*Feline viral rhinotracheitis in [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|respiratory infections]]
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**One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
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***Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is FHV-1, and less frequently feline calicivirus and/or [[Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species|''Chlamydophia psittaci'']] (NB: previously called Chlamydia psittaci var felis)
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***All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium
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***Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis
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***C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis
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***Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, with expected clinical signs
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***Resolution of clinical signs usually occurs by 7-14 days.
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***FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress. Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis.
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***Occasional mortality in kitten or immunocompromised animals usually associated with secondary bacterial infection.
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===Bovine herpesvirus -1===
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* Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) contributes to [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves; and [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
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*Causes [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|'''Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)''']]
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*Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
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*High morbidity, low mortality
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*Aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
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*BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
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**leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing.
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**with secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death.
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*Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate.
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*Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection.
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*Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
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*Also causes infectious vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis and meningoencephalitis
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*May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
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===Inclusion body rhinitis (porcine cytomegalovirus)===
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*in [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] and sometimes in [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] progressing to [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]], see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Inclusion body rhinitis|Inclusion body rhinitis]]
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*Cytomegaloviruses
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**Porcine cytomegalovirus
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***Causes Inclusion body rhinitis
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****Disease of suckling piglets 1-5 wks of age
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****Clinical signs: those associated with acute/subacute rhinitis (ie: serous nasal discharge, progressing to catarrhal or purulent discharge with time and secondary bacterial infections; sneezing; pyrexia)
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****Morbitity high, mortality low
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****Histology: large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasal and sinus respiratory epithelium with lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa.
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****Can develop viraemic stage, with inclusions in other organs eg: renal tubular epithelium. Piglets can die during this phase.
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==Alphaherpesviridae==
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==Betaherpesviridae==
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==Gammaherpesviridae==
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[[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Malignant Catarrhal Fever|Alcephaline-1 Virus]]
 
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