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===Overview===
 
===Overview===
 
*Cause [[Intestine Pathogens - Pathology|intestinal disease]] in animals and are important zoonoses
 
*Cause [[Intestine Pathogens - Pathology|intestinal disease]] in animals and are important zoonoses
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*''Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica'' reside in the intestine of domestic and wild animals and birds
 
*''Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica'' reside in the intestine of domestic and wild animals and birds
 
*Birds may cause mechanical transfer of the organisms
 
*Birds may cause mechanical transfer of the organisms
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===Characteristics===
 
===Characteristics===
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*Show bipolar staining in Giemsa-stained smears from animal tissue
 
*Show bipolar staining in Giemsa-stained smears from animal tissue
 
*Pathogenic strains identified by serotyping and biotyping
 
*Pathogenic strains identified by serotyping and biotyping
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===Pathogenesis===
 
===Pathogenesis===
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*Replication in lymph nodes and development of necrotic lesions, with neutrophil invasion
 
*Replication in lymph nodes and development of necrotic lesions, with neutrophil invasion
 
*The bacteria destroy the macrophages causing septicaemia
 
*The bacteria destroy the macrophages causing septicaemia
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===Clinical infections===
 
===Clinical infections===
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**Ileitis, gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis
 
**Ileitis, gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis
 
**Pathogenicity related to a heat stable enterotoxin
 
**Pathogenicity related to a heat stable enterotoxin
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===Diagnosis===
 
===Diagnosis===
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*Biochemical tests to identify particular species
 
*Biochemical tests to identify particular species
 
*Specific fluorescent antibody staining of lymph node aspirates to identify ''Y. pestis''
 
*Specific fluorescent antibody staining of lymph node aspirates to identify ''Y. pestis''
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===Control===
 
===Control===
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*Control ''Y. pestis'' by controlling rodent population and flea control of cats
 
*Control ''Y. pestis'' by controlling rodent population and flea control of cats
 
*Control of other ''Yersinia'' species difficult due to their ubiquity
 
*Control of other ''Yersinia'' species difficult due to their ubiquity
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===Treatment===
 
===Treatment===
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