Changes

==Antimicrobials==

==Antimicrobials==

The majority of bacterial infections in lizards are by Gram-negative organisms, particularly Enterobacteriacae.

Sample all suspected infections for microscopy, culture and sensitivity. The majority of bacterial infections in lizards are by Gram-negative organisms, particularly Enterobacteriacae. Therapy may be required before the results of bacterial sensitivity tests are known.

*Aminoglycosides and quinolones are effective against most aerobic pathogens and there is little bacterial resistance to them.

 

*The fluoroquinolone derivative enrofloxacin is bacteriocidal (inhibit microbial DNA gyrase) and is well distributed to tissues. It is active against a wide range of Gram-negative organisms as well Gram-positives and Mycoplama spp. It is not effective against anaerobes.

Aminoglycosides and quinolones are effective against most aerobic pathogens and there is little bacterial resistance to them.

*Carbenicillin and ceftazidime are good broad-spectrum antibiotics useful against anaerobes as well as most Gram-negative pathogens. If Pseudomonas spp. and anaerobes are present, ceftazidime is the most appropriate choice.

 

The fluoroquinolone derivative enrofloxacin is bacteriocidal (inhibit microbial DNA gyrase) and is well distributed to tissues. It is active against a wide range of Gram-negative organisms as well Gram-positives and Mycoplama spp. It is not effective against anaerobes.

 

Carbenicillin and ceftazidime are good broad-spectrum antibiotics useful against anaerobes as well as most Gram-negative pathogens. If Pseudomonas spp. and anaerobes are present, ceftazidime is the most appropriate choice.

The following has also been advised: amikacin in combination with ampicillin for respiratory infections; chloramphenicol for gastrointestinal infections; an aminoglycoside in combination with a broad spectrum penicillin for general systemic infections.

The following has also been advised: amikacin in combination with ampicillin for respiratory infections; chloramphenicol for gastrointestinal infections; an aminoglycoside in combination with a broad spectrum penicillin for general systemic infections.

 

*All aminoglycosides may affect neuromuscular transmission leading to muscle weakness and cause nephrotoxicity especially in reptiles kept at more than 25°C. They are also more toxic in gravid females.

All aminoglycosides may affect neuromuscular transmission leading to muscle weakness and cause nephrotoxicity especially in reptiles kept at more than 25°C. They are also more toxic in gravid females.

Any antibiotic therapy, but particularly gentamycin, should be accompanied by fluids to maintain adequate renal function and reduce the possibility of nephrotoxicity.

Any antibiotic therapy, but particularly gentamycin, should be accompanied by fluids to maintain adequate renal function and reduce the possibility of nephrotoxicity.

Amikacin

'''Amikacin'''

Potentially nephrotoxic but no published data

*Potentially nephrotoxic but no published data

Administer fluids concurrently

*Administer fluids concurrently

Frequently used with a penicillin or a cephalosporin

*Frequently used with a penicillin or a cephalosporin

2.5 mg/kg IM then 2.5-5 mg q72h

*2.5 mg/kg IM then 2.5-5 mg q72h

50 mg/10ml saline x 30 min nebulisation q12h

*50 mg/10ml saline x 30 min nebulisation q12h

Maintenance temperature if species POTZ unknown is 25°C

*Maintenance temperature if species POTZ unknown is 25°C

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin