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| | ''[[Arcanobacterium pyogenes]]'' | | ''[[Arcanobacterium pyogenes]]'' |
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| | + | ''[[:Category:Actinomyces|Actinomyces]]'' |
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| − | ===''Actinomyces''===
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| − | *Usually long filamentous branching Gram positive rods
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| − | *Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
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| − | *Live in nasopharyngeal and oral mucosa
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| − | *Cause pyogranulomatous lesions
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| − | **''Actinomyces bovis''
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| − | ***Found naturally in oral cavity of cattle
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| − | ***Prefers anaerobic conditions but not strict anaerobe
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| − | ***Entry of organism into tissues following trauma to the mucosa from rough feed or tooth eruption
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| − | ***Causes [[Chronic Inflammation - Pathology#Granulomatous Inflammation|granulomatous inflammation]] of soft tissues and bone, causing [[Teeth - Pathology#Mandibular Osteomyelitis|lumpy jaw]]
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| − | ***Usually invades mandible to cause [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] and may extend to surrounding [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Actinomycosis bovis|muscles]]
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| − | ***The lesions begins as a painless swelling of the affected bone
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| − | ***Swelling becomes more painful and enlarges over a number of weeks, gaining fistulous tracts which discharge pus
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| − | ***Organisms found in yellow sulphur granules
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| − | ***Club colony formation
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| − | ***Colonies adhere to agar media and are non-haemolytic
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| − | ***Surgical treatment possible when lesions are small
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| − | ***Prolonged parenteral penicillin treatment may be beneficial early in the disease
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| − | **''Actinomyces viscosus''
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| − | ***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
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| − | ***Canine actinomycosis
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| − | ***Causes localised subcutaneous pyogranulomatous lesions and fibrovascular proliferation of peritoneal ([[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In dogs|peritonitis]]) and pleural surfaces in dogs
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| − | ***Leads to [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]]
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| − | ***Respiratory distress
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| − | ***[[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|Cutaneous pustules]] in horses
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| − | ***Abortion in cattle
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| − | ***Rods contained in soft grey granules which release the organism when squashed
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| − | ***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
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| − | ***Grow in 10% carbon dioxide
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| − | ***Usually responds to penicillin
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| − | **''Actinomyces hordeovulneris''
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| − | ***Organism found in seed heads of certain grasses
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| − | ***Colonies adhere to agar and are non-haemolytic
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| − | ***Filamentous, branching organisms
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| − | ***Cause [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|cutaneous]] and visceral abscessation, pleuritis, peritonitis and arthritis in dogs
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| | ===''Actinobaculum suis''=== | | ===''Actinobaculum suis''=== |