Difference between revisions of "Category:Mycoplasmas"
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===Overview=== | ===Overview=== | ||
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*Usually host-specific | *Usually host-specific | ||
*Limited survival in the environment | *Limited survival in the environment | ||
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===Characteristics=== | ===Characteristics=== | ||
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*Colonies have a fried egg appearance | *Colonies have a fried egg appearance | ||
*Most are facultative anaerobes | *Most are facultative anaerobes | ||
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===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== | ||
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*Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia | *Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia | ||
*Molecular mimicry allows some mycoplasmas to avoid the host immune response and may initiate immune-mediated disease | *Molecular mimicry allows some mycoplasmas to avoid the host immune response and may initiate immune-mediated disease | ||
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===Diagnosis=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
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*Serolgy is required for specific identification including complement fixation tests, ELISA, agglutination tests and haemagglutination-inhibition tests | *Serolgy is required for specific identification including complement fixation tests, ELISA, agglutination tests and haemagglutination-inhibition tests | ||
*Growth inhibition tests using specific antisera can be used as well as fluorescent antibody tests | *Growth inhibition tests using specific antisera can be used as well as fluorescent antibody tests | ||
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===Other mycoplasmas=== | ===Other mycoplasmas=== | ||
Revision as of 13:15, 24 May 2010
Mycoplasmas
Content
Overview
- Pathogens belong to the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma genera
- Cause many diseases especially respiratory diseases of farm animals including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
- Can be involved in mastitis and conjunctivitis in cattle
- Implicated in respiratory and urinary tract diseases in dogs and cats
- Non-pathogenic mycoplasmas present in the rumen
- Live on mucous membranes of oronasal cavity, conjunctiva and intestines
- Stress factors and concurrent disease may predispose to tissue invasion
- Usually host-specific
- Limited survival in the environment
Characteristics
- Smallest free-living prokaryotic organism
- Pleomorphic organisms
- Have no peptidoglycan cell wall
- Susceptible to dessication, heat and disinfectants
- Require enriched media containing animal protein, sterol and a source of DNA for growth
- Colonies have a fried egg appearance
- Most are facultative anaerobes
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
- Mycoplasmas adhere to host cells and produce toxins
- Some adhere to neutrophils and macrophages and prevent phagocytosis
- Mycoplasmas induce proliferation of macrophages and [[monocytes]], and release of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins
- Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia
- Molecular mimicry allows some mycoplasmas to avoid the host immune response and may initiate immune-mediated disease
Diagnosis
- Samples can be tested for the presence of mycoplasmas by fluorescent antibody techniques, peroxidase techniques and PCR
- Biochemical profiles such as urease production can be used for identification
- Ureaplasmas produce urease, whereas Mycoplasmas do not metabolise urea
- Serolgy is required for specific identification including complement fixation tests, ELISA, agglutination tests and haemagglutination-inhibition tests
- Growth inhibition tests using specific antisera can be used as well as fluorescent antibody tests
Other mycoplasmas
- M. bovis, M. dispar and Ureaplasma can be involved in Enzootic pneumonia of calves
- M. ovipneumoniae is implicated in enzootic pneumonia of lambs
- M. felis may be involved in mild respiratory infection
- Mycoplasmas may cause lymphocytic chronic inflammation (peribronchiolar and perialveolar cuffing)
- Cause peritonitis in sheep, peritonitis in goats and peritonitis in pigs
Pages in category "Mycoplasmas"
The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total.