Difference between revisions of "Bacillary Haemoglobinuria"

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| '''Red Water'''<br>''Clostridium novyi'' Type D
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Revision as of 09:45, 4 August 2010

Italic text




Also known as: Red Water
Clostridium novyi Type D

Description

Adisease of cattle and sheep caused by Clostridium haemolyticum.which is a bacteria from the class clostridia. C. haemolyticum is found in soil, poorly drained/wet pastures and is highly fatal to livestock. The bacteria produces a beta toxin and causes hepatic necrosis and intravascular haemolysis. The disease is often associated with a disease in the liver causing anaerobic conditions allowing the groeth of bacteria and hence toxin production.

  • spores found routinely in liver and GIT and faeces of grazing animals in affected pastures
  • need disease in liver casing anaerobic conditions to allow bacterial growth and toxin production
  • normally associated with Liver Fluke damage
  • disease occurs in some areas and some farms - distribution is poorly understood
Clinical Signs
  • found dead/sudden death
    • lateral recumbency
    • bloat
    • little signs of struggle
    • blood in nostrils, mouth, rectum, vagina
  • IF seen alive
    • depressed, reluctant to move, pyrexia, respiratory distress
    • red urine (haemoglobinuria) but not consistent
    • pale mucous membranes/jaundice
    • bloody froth in nostrils
Gross
  • post mortem is confirmatory finding
  • rapid decomposition of carcass
    • organs decomposed
  • subcutaneous hameorrhages, odema, emphysema
  • blood stained abdominal and thoracic fluid, large quantity and pericardium
  • animal is severely anaemic
  • may be jaundiced
  • red urine in bladder, therefore haemoglobin in urine
  • kidneys speckled with haemoglobin
  • blood in lungs/trachea
  • ischaemic hepatic infarct
    • usually a single large necrotic focus in the liver
    • area of necrosis, sometimes partially liquefied centre, irregular outline with a hyperaemic edge
Microscopically
  • presence of Clostridia post mortem must be interpreted with great caution as they are common post mortem invaders
  • FAT for organism
  • identification of toxins
    • need this for diagnosis
Treatment
  • unlikely
  • very high doses of penicillin or oxytetracycline
  • blood transfusion
Prevention
  • vaccination lasts up to 6 months
  • liver fluke control
  • remove infected carcasses from pasture

NB: Distinguish Red Water from Black Disease! The former will have bleeding out of any orifice while the latter does not