Difference between revisions of "Gastric Impaction - Horse"
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| − | Gastric impaction can occur as a primary condition but is often diagnosed at surgery as a finding secondary to other disturbances in the intestinal tract. In some cases there be predisposing causes such as ulceration or fibrosis at the pylorus, whereas in other cases it | + | ==Description== |
| + | Gastric impaction can occur as a primary condition but is often diagnosed at surgery as a finding secondary to other disturbances in the intestinal tract. In some cases there be predisposing causes such as ulceration or fibrosis at the pylorus, whereas in other cases it may occur spontaneously. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Predisposing factors== | ||
*Ingestion of certain feedstuffs including beet pulp, bran, straw, wheat and barley - beet pulp and bran can become dessicated within the stomach and may not become rehydrated by water or gastric secretions | *Ingestion of certain feedstuffs including beet pulp, bran, straw, wheat and barley - beet pulp and bran can become dessicated within the stomach and may not become rehydrated by water or gastric secretions | ||
*Dental disorders - roughage may be incompletely masticated | *Dental disorders - roughage may be incompletely masticated | ||
*Feeding a horse that has signs of colic - there may be poor gastric emptying associated with generalised decreased gastrointestinal motility | *Feeding a horse that has signs of colic - there may be poor gastric emptying associated with generalised decreased gastrointestinal motility | ||
| − | Clinical signs | + | ==Clinical signs== |
Abdominal discomfort | Abdominal discomfort | ||
| − | If the signs are mild and resolve | + | If the signs are mild and resolve spontaneously or with analgesics, owners often inclined to feed the horse, worsening the impaction |
| − | |||
| − | Diagnosis | + | ==Diagnosis== |
| − | Suspected if | + | Suspected if cannot pass NGT, with gastric distension the gastoroesophageal junction can become distorted making it difficult to pass an NGT |
| − | If poorly macerated | + | If poorly macerated or digested feed material is recovered from the NGT when the horse has been starved for several hrs |
| − | On rectal, spleen may be | + | On rectal, spleen may be displaced caudally and medially (not specific) |
| − | Endoscopy (not diagnostic for impaction and | + | Endoscopy (not diagnostic for impaction and difficult to assess gastric distension) |
| − | Rads may help, will show diaphragm displaced | + | Rads may help, will show diaphragm displaced cranially |
| − | + | ==Treatment== | |
If suspected, horse should be tranferred with NGT in place to a faciltiy where surgery can be perfomed if necessary | If suspected, horse should be tranferred with NGT in place to a faciltiy where surgery can be perfomed if necessary | ||
| − | Medical tx can include gastric lavage to remove as much | + | Medical tx can include gastric lavage to remove as much impacted material as possible - may need to be done repeatedly |
| − | 100-200ml 8%DSS may | + | 100-200ml 8%DSS may facilitate hydration of dessicated ingesta |
| − | IV fluid and anlagesics | + | IV fluid and anlagesics should also be given, although unlikely that IV fluids will resolve the impaction |
| − | Gastric motility stimulants | + | Gastric motility stimulants should be avoided if the extent of the impaction is unkown to prevent gastric rupture |
| − | Those diagnosed at sx | + | Those diagnosed at sx may be treated with bethanecol at 0.2mg/kg SC every 8hrs |
| − | + | Surgery | |
| − | Direct infusion of balanced polyionic fluids into the | + | Direct infusion of balanced polyionic fluids into the impaction through the stomach wall |
| − | Stomach massaged to | + | Stomach massaged to break down impaction and facilitate movement of fluid into the ingesta |
| − | Or fluid may be infused via NGT followed by massage of the | + | Or fluid may be infused via NGT followed by massage of the stomach |
Post-op starve for 48-72hrs | Post-op starve for 48-72hrs | ||
| − | + | Gastroscopy indicated to confirm resolution of impaction and identify any underlying causes in stomach | |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Mair, T.S, Divers, T.J, Ducharme, N.G (2002) '''Manual of Equine Gastroenterology''', ''WB Saunders''. | Mair, T.S, Divers, T.J, Ducharme, N.G (2002) '''Manual of Equine Gastroenterology''', ''WB Saunders''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 18:18, 8 August 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
Description
Gastric impaction can occur as a primary condition but is often diagnosed at surgery as a finding secondary to other disturbances in the intestinal tract. In some cases there be predisposing causes such as ulceration or fibrosis at the pylorus, whereas in other cases it may occur spontaneously.
Predisposing factors
- Ingestion of certain feedstuffs including beet pulp, bran, straw, wheat and barley - beet pulp and bran can become dessicated within the stomach and may not become rehydrated by water or gastric secretions
- Dental disorders - roughage may be incompletely masticated
- Feeding a horse that has signs of colic - there may be poor gastric emptying associated with generalised decreased gastrointestinal motility
Clinical signs
Abdominal discomfort If the signs are mild and resolve spontaneously or with analgesics, owners often inclined to feed the horse, worsening the impaction
Diagnosis
Suspected if cannot pass NGT, with gastric distension the gastoroesophageal junction can become distorted making it difficult to pass an NGT If poorly macerated or digested feed material is recovered from the NGT when the horse has been starved for several hrs On rectal, spleen may be displaced caudally and medially (not specific) Endoscopy (not diagnostic for impaction and difficult to assess gastric distension) Rads may help, will show diaphragm displaced cranially
Treatment
If suspected, horse should be tranferred with NGT in place to a faciltiy where surgery can be perfomed if necessary Medical tx can include gastric lavage to remove as much impacted material as possible - may need to be done repeatedly 100-200ml 8%DSS may facilitate hydration of dessicated ingesta IV fluid and anlagesics should also be given, although unlikely that IV fluids will resolve the impaction Gastric motility stimulants should be avoided if the extent of the impaction is unkown to prevent gastric rupture Those diagnosed at sx may be treated with bethanecol at 0.2mg/kg SC every 8hrs
Surgery Direct infusion of balanced polyionic fluids into the impaction through the stomach wall Stomach massaged to break down impaction and facilitate movement of fluid into the ingesta Or fluid may be infused via NGT followed by massage of the stomach Post-op starve for 48-72hrs Gastroscopy indicated to confirm resolution of impaction and identify any underlying causes in stomach
References
Mair, T.S, Divers, T.J, Ducharme, N.G (2002) Manual of Equine Gastroenterology, WB Saunders.