Introduction

Lesions

Decription of Lesions

Disease

Definition and Type

Factors Involved in the Development of Disease

Types of Agents Causing Disease

Aspects of Disease

Post Mortem Examination

Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination

Degenerations and Infiltrations

Cellular Swelling

Hydropic Degeneration

Cellular Faty Change

Mucoid Degeneration

Hyaline Degeneration

Fibrinoid Degeneration

Amyloidosis

Glycogen Infiltration

Cellular Inclusions

Necrosis

Causes of Necrosis

Gross and Histological Features of Necrotic Lesions

Coagulation Necrosis

Liquefactive Necrosis

Caseation Necrosis

Sequel to Necrosis

Fat Necrosis

Gangrene

Post Mortem Change

Types of Post Mortem Change

Rigor Mortis

Post Mortem Clotting of Blood

Hypostatic Congestion

Post Mortem Imbibition of Blood

Inbibition of Bile Pigment

Gaseous Distenstion of the Alimentary Tract

Autolysis

Putrefaction

Pigmentation and Calcification

Exogenous Pigmentation

Carbon (Anthracosis)

Pneumoconiosis

Carotenoids

Endogenous Pigmentation

Melanin

Blood Pigments

Haemoglobin
Haemosiderin
Haematin
Jaundice
Haematoidin
Porphyria

Lipofuscin

Mineralisation

Calcification

Dystrophic
Metastatic (Hypercalcaemia)

Circulatory Disorders

Introduction=

Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia

Oedema

Dehydration

Shock

Haemorrhage

Rhexis
Diapedesis

Haemostasis

Thrombus

Causes
Evolution
Embolism
Post Mortem Clots

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Inflammation

Cardinal Signs

Causes

Acute

Introduction

Sequence of Events

Fluids

Serous
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Diptheritic
Haemorrhagic
Purulent
Functions of Exudate
Sequel to Exudation

Cells

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Mast Cells
Basophils

Chronic

Introduction

Cells

Macrophages
Lymphocytes

Types

Granulomatous Inflammation
Granulation Tissue
Lymphocytic Inflammation

Changes in Inflammatory Cells Circulating in Blood

Neutrophilia

Neutopenia

Eosinophilia

Eosinopenia

Lymphocytosis

Lymphopenia

Plasma Cells

Monocytosis

Role of The Lymph Node in Inflammation

Healing and Repair

Introduction

Repair

Regeneration
Replacement

In Particular Tissues

Skin
First Intention
Second Intention
Bones
Respiratory Tract
Alimentary Tract
Urinary Tract
Genital Tract
Central Nervous System

Growth Disorders

Congenital

Causes

=Malformations

Cyclops
Bulldog Calf
Cleft Palate
Cystic Kidney
Spina Bifida
Hydrocephalus
Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Skeletal Malformations
Skin Defects
Muscular Defects
Cardiac Defects
Sexual Organ Malformation
Metabolic Diseases

Growth Disorders During Life

Atrophy

Hypertrophy