Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology

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BACK TO URINARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Overview

  • Muscular tube
  • Passes in retroperitoneal space
  • 2 Parts
    • Abdominal Portion
    • Pelvic portion
      • At this points it moves medially
      • In the female this movment is through the broad ligament
      • In the male it is through the mesoductus
  • It ends of the dorsolateral surface of the bladder
    • Within the lateral ligament of the bladder


Wall

  • It has a mucous membrane
    • It is formed from transitory epithelium
    • Protects against urine
  • Under that is a lamina propria
  • Followed by a muscularis layer
  • And finally on the outside an adventitia


Junction With the Bladder

  • The ureter enters the bladder obliquely
  • Runs between the muscular layers and mucosa
  • This stops back flow when the bladder is full as increasing pressure in the bladder pushes the two layers together occluding the ends of the ureters.
  • They open through 2 slits on a raised "hillock"

Movement of Urine

The movement of urine along the ureters is achieved by peristalsis which is powered by locally regulated smooth muscle. This maintains a low pressure in the renal pelvis.

Vascular Supply

Renal pelivs and proximal ureter
Renal artery
Distal ureter
Cranial vesicular artery and the vaginal (female) / prostatic (male)

Lymphatic Drainage

Lumbar lymph nodes