Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards
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Host invasion
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? |
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Viruses
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Naked viruses contain only...? | RNA/DNA and protein coat
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| Name three functions of viral structural proteins |
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| Name the two main innate defences against viral infection |
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| Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | IgA
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| What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
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| By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | Virolysis
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| When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? |
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| What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
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Bacteria
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA |
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| Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | Gram-negative
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| Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | Cocci
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| Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | Rods or bacilli
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| What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | Koch's postulates
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| What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | Endotoxin shock
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| By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | Binary fission
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| By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? |
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Parasites
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | Eukaryotic
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| What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? |
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| What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | Eosinophils
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| What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | Th1
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| What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | Th2
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| How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? |
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