Ethylene Glycol Toxicity

Introduction

Ethylene Glycol is a sweet tasting fluid that is the main component of anti-freeze. Consequently in colder climates ethylene glycol toxicity is frequently encountered in practice. It has a relatively low minimum lethal dose, and its sweet taste makes it attractive to dogs, cats and other small animals.

Treatment

Ethylene Glycol is a weak acid. Therefore in order to increase the rate of renal clearance sodium bicarbonate can be administered to dogs. Intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate at a concentration of 1-2 mmol/kg every 3 to 6 hours achieves sufficient alkalinisation of the urine.