Joint Response to Injury

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()Map MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (Map)
JOINTS



Causes of injury

  • Trauma
  • Instability
  • Lubrication failure
  • Infectious organisms
  • Immune-mediated disease

Reaction to injury

  • Articular cartilage has limited ability to regenerate
    • Superficial defects are long standing
      • Chondrocyte hyperplasia is ineffective at filling the defect
      • Non-painful
    • Defects reaching subchondral bone
      • Filled with vascular fibroous tissue undergoing metaplasia into cartilage
      • Painful
    • Fibrillation - loss of proteoglycans -> condensation of collagen fibres -> fraying of surface
    • Eburnation - loss of articular cartilage -> exposure of subchondral bone -> becomes dense and polished
  • Synovial membranes respond by:
    • Villous hypertrophy
    • Hyperplasia