Canine Parvovirus

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VIRUSES
PARVOVIRUSES



Antigenicity

  • 2 Canine Viruses:
    • Canine Parvovirus 1 (CPV1): avirulent, ubiquitous in canine population
    • Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV2): new virus emerged in the late 1970's
  • Antigenic variants occur

Hosts

  • Dogs
  • CPV 2a/2b can cause disease in cats

Pathogenesis

  • Oropharyngeal infection followed by viremia
  • 2 distinct syndromes:
    1. Myocarditis in puppies aged 3-8 weeks
      • Virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium
      • Sudden death, fading puppy syndrome
      • Now rare due to widespread passive immunity
    1. Enteritis in puppies >8 weeks of age
      • Virus targets intestinal crypts
      • Villi shorten, then destruction of cypt cells
      • Gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis
      • High morbidity, low mortality (10%)

Epidemiology

  • Orofecal transmission
  • Host range is controlled by only a few amino acids

Diagnosis

  • HA or ELISA for virus

Control

  • Vaccination, usually in combination with distemper and hepatitis at 10 and 16 weeks of age
  • Thorough disinfection after disease
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