Hypersensitivity Flashcards

HYPERSENSITIVITY WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS

Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer	Article
What is hypersensitivity?	A hyperactive immune response to an antigen Leading to cell and tissue damage It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)	Link to Answer Article
Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?	Gell and Coombs	Link to Answer Article
Complete the following sentences	Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are antibody mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a cell mediated reaction.	Link to Answer Article

Type I Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer	Article
What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?	Anaphylactic-mediated IgE-mediated	Link to Answer Article
What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?	Allergens	Link to Answer Article
Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction	Plant pollens Foods Drugs Proteins Insect products	Link to Answer Article
Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?	Vasodilation Oedema Mucous production Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres	Link to Answer Article
Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions	Sweet-itch Atopy Flea allergic dermatitis	Link to Answer Article

Type II Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer	Article
What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?	IgG IgM Fixed antigens	Link to Answer Article
What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?	Neutralisation blockage of receptors	Link to Answer Article
Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?	Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Complement mediated lysis Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia Blood transfusion reaction Haemolytic disease of new born Feline infectious anaemia Phagocytosis	Link to Answer Article

Type III Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer	Article
Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?	IgG Soluble antigens	Link to Answer Article
What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis	Link to Answer Article
What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?	Glomerulonephritis Arthritis Vasculitis Acute inflammation	Link to Answer Article
What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?	Vasculitis Erythema Oedema Neutropaenia Proteinurea	Link to Answer Article
Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen	Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)	Link to Answer Article

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer	Article
What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?	Delayed-type hypersensitivity	Link to Answer Article
What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?	Abnormal macrophage activation Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)	Link to Answer Article
What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?	Destruction of normal cells	Link to Answer Article
What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?	Contact Granulomatous	Link to Answer Article
What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?	Mononuclear cells	Link to Answer Article
Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response	Mycobacterium tubercle Schistosome eggs	Link to Answer Article
What is the tuberculin test?	Used for testing TB in cattle Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection	Link to Answer Article

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