Hypovitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis D
Fluorine poisoning
- F is widespread in nature
- Pastures may be contaminated by industrial processes (e.g. brick manufacture)
- Acute poisoning:
- Gastroenteritis
- Nephrosis
- Chronic poisoning:
- Dental abnormalities
- Intoxication during teeth development
- Foci of poor enamel formation - yellow, dark brown/black, chalky
- Irregular wear of teeth, chip easily
- Osteodystrophy = Fluorosis
- Generalised skeletal disturbance
- Most affected are metatarsals and mandibles
- Periosteal hyperostosis + endosteal bone resorption -> thickened bones with enlarged marrow cavities
- Dental abnormalities
Lead poisoning
- Lead can bind to mineral portion of bone and cartilage
- In young animals ingesting large dose at once
- -> Lead induced malfunction of osteoclasts
- -> Transverse band of increased density on radiographs of metaphysis = "lead line" = growth retardation lattice