Chronic Renal Failure
Chronic renal failure is the end result of persistent, chronic renal disease - it is usually irreversible and involves the gradual and progressive loss of nephrons. Clinical signs include polyuria/polydypsia (PUPD) and uraemia, and blood sample analysis shows azotaemia, non-regenerative anaemia and hyperphosphataemia.Often presented as 'end stage kidney' disease, on gross pathology kidneys are shrunken, fibrosed, pale and firm.