Topical Analgesia

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Introduction

Topical analgesia applies to analgesia at any surface, commonly the skin and mucous membranes such as mouth, genital tract and tracheobronchial tree.

Agents

  • Agents are commonly found as creams, gels or sprays, and include lidocaine and EMLA cream.
  • Some injectable agents can be used also be used topically.
  • Care should be taken when applying the cream - Gloves should be worn.
  • Agents which freeze the skin surface, such as ice or ethyl chloride spray, may also be used as it provides a degree of analgesia but is very superficial and care should be taken when using these substances as can lead to skin necrosis.

Uses

  • On venopuncture sites prior to catheter placement.
  • Passing of urinary catheters.
  • Placement of endotracheal tubes.
  • Procedures in the nasal cavity.
  • For opthalmic examination and surgical procedures.

Advantages

  • Easy Application - Requires no specific skills or expensive equipment.
  • Repeat doses possible.

Disadvantages

  • Superficial Analgesia.
  • Variable in duration of action.