Useful Virology Web Links


Feline and canine infectious diseases
http://www.provet.co.uk/infectiousdiseases/
Published by Blackwell Science Ltd, and made available on the Web by Provet, this site provides full-text access to the book Feline and canine infectious diseases by RM Gaskell and M Bennett. The book provides information on major canine and feline infectious diseases, viral and bacterial infections, and fungal, algal and protozoal infections. Each disease entry provides information on aetiology, pathogenesis and pathology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, transmission, and prevention and control. The book is searchable by keyword.


Equine influenza
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/horses/health/general/influenza
This information resource on equine influenza, an acute, highly contagious, viral disease, is produced by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI). Information is provided on the clinical signs and symptoms, techniques on how to take a horse's temperature and recording temperatures, and guidelines for disinfection. An interesting summary of the 2007/08 equine influenza outbreak in New South Wales is provided and there are two videos available showing horses with some of the typical symptoms of equine influenza.


Catvirus.com : feline infectious peritonitis and coronavirus website
http://www.dr-addie.com/
This website provides authoritative information on feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The website is created and maintained by Dr Diane D. Addie, Lecturer in Veterinary Clinical Virology at the University of Glasgow. Information is provided for both veterinarians and pet owners and includes documentation on wet or effusive FIP, clinical signs and diagnosis of FIP, transmission and prevention of FCoV, feline blood groups, and neonatal isoerythrolysis. Useful features include a register of FCoV tested studs and queens, a FCOV negative kitten register and a register of stud and queen of known blood type. An FAQ section is available as well as a list of useful links and information on free downloads.


Course : virus replication
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3351/index.htm
One in a series of veterinary virology lectures made available on the Web by Supercourse, an online collection of teaching materials from academic institutions world wide, in the field of epidemiology, the Internet and global health. This lecture focuses on virus replication and is prepared by Dr Peter H Russell, from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC). This lecture contains 19 slides and is made available on the Web by the University of Pittsburgh.


Cattle warts : bovine papillomatosis
http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/VY/VY-58.html
Published on the Web by the Cooperative Extension Service of Purdue University, and written by RL Morter, DVM, and Larry Horstman, DVM, this fact sheet presents information on the contagious condition Bovine Papillomatosis in cattle, caused by the bovine papillomavirus, which causes skin legions, or warts, to form. It looks at the condition, treatments, and preventitive measures.


Hendra virus
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/horses/health/general/hendra-vir
This publication on Hendra virus (a virus carried by fruit bats that inhabit Australia, Papua New Guinea, and surrounding islands) was published by the NSW Department of Primary Industries (Agriculture) in February 2010. This document covers Hendra virus transmission from fruit bats to horses and Hendra virus infection in humans. Topics covered include symptoms in horses, incubation period and course of illness, and prevention and control measures. Authored by Sarah Robinson (Regional Veterinary Officer) and Belinda Walker (Technical Specialist Animal Biosecurity).


Equine infectious anemia (swamp fever)
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/horses/facts/89-114.htm
This document on equine infectious anaemia (Swamp Fever), a viral disease of equidae, is authored by R.G. Wright and provided on the Web by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). This document describes what equine infectious anaemia is, disease occurrence, disease transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, available treatments, and prevention and control measures.


Disease fact sheet : rabies
http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/rabies/
This resource on rabies, a fatal viral disease of the nervous system, is produced and published on the Web by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Documents available here cover contingency planning, UK rabies policies, bat rabies Q&As, and FAQs on rabies vaccinations for bat handlers.


Rabies prevention in livestock
http://ohioline.osu.edu/vme-fact/0001.html
Produced by the Ohio State University Extension, this veterinary preventive medicine fact sheet, written by William Shulaw, DVM, and Randall E James, PhD, provides information on the prevention of the viral disease rabies in livestock. It looks at what the disease is, how it is spread, the symptoms, vaccination, animal control, and how animals should be tested for the disease. Statistical information relates only to Ohio.


Scottish Executive : bluetongue
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Agriculture/animal-welfare/Diseases/SpecificDi
This website on bluetongue (a notifiable insect-borne viral disease that affects ruminants, and in particular sheep) is produced by the Agriculture division of the Scottish Executive. This resource provides authoritative information on bluetongue and includes current news items, guidance and advice on prevention and control measures, and clinical signs and symptoms. Advice on reporting measures are provided.


Pseudorabies
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/pseudorabies/
This resource on pseudorabies (a viral disease of swine that can also affect cattle, horses, dogs, cats, sheep, and goats) is made available by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). It contains authoritative and up-to-date information on the occurrence of pseudorabies in the United States (currently all 50 States of the US are considered free of the pseudorabies virus in commercial production swine herds). Documents available include a Q&A on pseudorabies, pseudorabies eradication program standards, and Program reports and updates.


DARD : bluetongue
http://www.dardni.gov.uk/index/animal-health/animal-diseases/bluetongue.htm
Published on the Web by the Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), this site provides information on bluetongue. Bluetongue is an insect-borne viral disease to which all species of ruminants are susceptible (sheep are most affected). This resource provides access to a leaflet, FAQs, and a document containing photographs showing the clinical signs of bluetongue. Links to other Web resources are provided.


Bluetongue
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/bluetongue.pdf
This document on bluetongue (an insect-borne viral disease of ruminants) was published by the Center for Food Security & Public Health (CFSPH) and was last revised in July 2007. The document considers aetiology, species affected, geographic distribution, transmission (by biting midges in the genus Culicoides), incubation, clinical signs and symptoms, post-mortem lesions, morbidity and mortality, diagnosis, and prevention and control measures. This document also links to a collection of images. References are provided.


European Commission : bluetongue
http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/bluetongue_en.htm
This authoritative resource provides up-to-date information on the control measures adopted by the European Union (EU) for bluetongue (a non-contagious, insect-transmitted, viral disease of sheep and wild ruminants). Issues covered include disease characteristics and transmission, latest outbreaks (if any) in the EU, prevention and control measures, disease monitoring and surveillance, and disease notification. Resources available include documents, reports, visual information clips, and Q&A.


European Commission : avian influenza
http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/avian/index_en.htm
This authoritative resource provides up-to-date information on the control measures adopted by the European Union (EU) for avian influenza, also known as bird flu. Avian influenza is a highly contagious viral infection which can affect all species of birds, and influenza infections in birds are divided in two groups on the basis of their pathogenicity (highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) such as the H5N1 strain and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). Issues covered include disease characteristics and transmission, latest disease outbreaks in the EU, prevention and control measures, disease monitoring and surveillance, disease notification, EU legislation, and vaccination. Resources available include documents, reports, guidelines, discussion papers, and Q&A.


Equine infectious anemia
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/f
This document on equine infectious anaemia, a potentially fatal viral disease of members of the horse family, was published on the Web by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) in January 2008. This document covers degrees of infectiousness (acute, chronic, and inapparent), disease transmission, and prevention and control measures.


Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/f
This document on Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, a mosquito-borne viral disease of all equine species, was published on the Web by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) in January 2008. The document covers clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, and prevention and control measures.


Infectious diseases of garden birds : minimising the risks
http://www.ufaw.org.uk/infectious-diseases.php
Authored by James K Kirkwood BVSc PhD CBiol FIBiol MRCVS, et al, and revised in February 2000, this document focuses on infectious diseases of garden birds. It discusses mortality rates, zoonoses, the impact of infectious diseases, hygiene guidance for bird feeders, and disease outbreak reporting procedures. Detailed information on several infectious diseases is provided, and this includes, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, yersiniosis, pasteurellosis, chlamydiosis, trichomoniasis, warts (viral papillomas), avian pox, and aspergillosis. Made available on the Web by the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW).


Veterinary Medical Research Institute
http://www.vmri.hu/atki_a.htm
Located in Hungary, the Veterinary Medical Research Institute aims to investigate the bacterial,viral and parasitic diseases of farm animals and to carry out molecular biology research in these areas. Information is provided on the Institute, its research aims and activities. The Institute offers some postgraduate training and also disseminates scientific information to the public. This site is available in English and Hungarian.


Swine pneumonia
http://animalscience.tamu.edu/images/pdf/swine/L5203-spneu.pdf
Published on the Web by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service of Texas A&M University in 1998, this document focuses on swine pneumonia. Issues discussed include the causes of swine pneumonia (bacterial, viral, parasitic), diagnosis at slaughter, clinical signs and symptoms, economic losses, available treatments, and prevention and control measures.


CDC : bats & rabies
http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/bats.html
This resource has been prepared and made available on the Web by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA. Rabies is an infectious viral disease that affects the nervous system of humans and other mammals. This resource outlines how people get rabies, the public health consequences (in the US only), bats and the rabies virus, contact with infectious material from a bat, bat bites, domestic animal exposure to bat bites, how to bat-proof your house, how to safely capture a bat, how to prevent being infected with rabies, and when to seek medical attention.


Sheep health : contagious ecthyma (sore mouth)
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM829X1.pdf
Produced and published by the Iowa State University Extension in April 2000, this fact sheet is the first in a series on sheep health. It provides information on the viral disease contagious ecthyma or sore mouth, covering the symptoms, disease spread, treatment, vaccination, and transmission to humans. This 1 page fact sheet is provided in PDF, requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader.


Amphibian diseases home page
http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/ampdis.htm
This educational resource on amphibian diseases is produced by the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University. Resource types available here include lectures, conference proceedings, videos, full-text documents (including fact sheets and articles) and a bibliography of amphibian diseases. Disease covered include amphibian chytridiomycosis, amphibian mucormycosis, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Many of the resources contain images. This resource is part of the amphibian disease project funded under the Endangered Species Program of Environment Australia by funds from the National Heritage Trust with the assistance of Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service.


Fowl pox
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/27_2739.htm
This fact sheet on fowl pox, a viral disease which is spread by the bites of mosquitoes, is produced and made available on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI), Queensland Government, Australia. Revised in 2010, this fact sheet provides information on clinical signs and symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prevention and control measures.


Classical swine fever
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/f
This publication on classical swine fever, also known as hog cholera, a highly contagious viraldisease of pigs, is produced and published on the Web by the Veterinary Services (VS) division of the US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Produced in August 2008, the document provides information on disease transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, disease control measures, recommendations for swine owners, and reporting procedures (USA only).


Rabies
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_17167.htm
This fact sheet on rabies, a viral disease leading to an almost invariably fatal swelling of the brain that can infect all warm- blooded animals, including humans, is produced and made available on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries, Queensland Government, Australia. Discussed is disease distribution, species affected, clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, and control strategies. Revised in 2004.


Classical swine fever
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_17180.htm
This fact sheet on classical swine fever, also known as hog cholera, a highly contagious viraldisease of pigs, is produced and published on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries, Queensland Government, Australia. Discussed is the distribution, species affected, clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, and control strategies.


Swine vesicular disease
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_17181.htm
This fact sheet on swine vesicular disease (an acute, highly contagious viral disease of pigs) is produced and made available on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Queensland Government, Australia. This fact sheet provides information on the causes, disease transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment, and prevention and control strategies.


Vesicular exanthema
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_17182.htm
This fact sheet on vesicular exanthema, an acute viral disease of pigs, is produced and made available on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries, Queensland Government, Australia. Discussed are the causes, symptoms, species affected, distribution, disease transmission, and control strategies.


Vesicular stomatitis
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_17178.htm
This brief fact sheet on Vesicular stomatitis (VS), an infectious viral disease of a number of species, is produced and made available on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Queensland Government, Australia. An outline of the attributes of the disease and a summary of control strategies in the case of an Australian outbreak is provided.


Equine respiratory diseases
http://www.ivis.org/special_books/Lekeux/toc.asp
The full-text book 'Equine Respiratory Diseases' edited by P. Lekeux, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium. Chapter headings cover: pulmonary function in the exercising horse; immunology of the equine lung; pulmonary function testing; radiology of lungs and thorax; ultrasonography; scintigraphy; sampling, microbiology and cytology of the respiratory tract; video-endoscopy; diagnostic procedures; post-mortem examination; respiratory diseases and their clinical signs; diseases of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses; disorders of the pharynx, larynx, guttural pouches, and trachea; inflammatory airway disease; restrictive lung diseases; influenza; respiratory infections by equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4; viral arteritis; adenoviruses; bacterial infections; parasitic airway disease; fungal airway diseases; genetic basis of respiratory disorders; foal pneumonia; peculiarites of donkey respiratory disease; aerosol therapy; influenza vaccination; environmental control; doses of common drugs; and normal respiratory values. This book is published and made available on the Web by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS), a US non-profit organisation which provides full-text access to a wide range of veterinary information. IVIS is free to veterinarians, veterinary students, and animal health professionals. Brief registration is required.


Canadian Food Inspection Agency : rabies
http://inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/rabrag/rabrage.shtml
This resource on rabies, a viral disease that attacks the central nervous system of warm-blooded animals, including humans, is compiled by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Information is provided for those responsible for the care and welfare of animals, and also for the general public. Resources available include news releases, information bulletins, fact sheets, reports, guidelines, surveys, alert messages, and disease reporting measures. This site is also available in French.


Canadian Food Inspection Agency : vesicular stomatitis
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/vssv/vssve.shtml
This resource on vesicular stomatitis, a viral disease affecting horses, ruminants such as cattle, sheep and members of the deer and llama families, and swine, is compiled by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Information is provided for those responsible for the care and welfare of animals, and also for the general public. Resources available include news releases, information bulletins, fact sheets, reports, guidelines, surveys, alert messages, and disease reporting measures. This site is also available in French.


Canadian Food Inspection agency : foot and mouth disease
http://inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/fmdfa/fmdfae.shtml
This resource on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) a communicable viral disease of cattle and swine, is compiled by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Information is provided for those responsible for the care and welfare of animals, and also for the general public. Resources available include news releases, information bulletins, fact sheets, reports, guidelines, surveys, alert messages, and disease reporting measures. This site is also available in French.


Rinderpest
http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3957.html
This brief fact sheet on rinderpest, an acute, usually fatal, viral disease principally of cattle, is produced and published on the Web by the Department of Primary Industries, Queensland Government, Australia. Discussed is disease distribution, species affected, clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, and control strategies.


BVD : or is it rinderpest?
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/vetext/INF-DA/INF-DA_Rinderpest.html
This fact sheet on bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) and rinderpest is published by the University of California Davis' Veterinary Medical Extension programme. This programme seeks to develop and disseminate information about animal and human health in relation to animals or animal products. This fact sheet focuses on rinderpest (a highly infectious viral disease of cattle) and describes how to diagnose both BVD and rinderpest. Published in November 2001, this fact sheet contains images and is authored by John Kirk and Robert Moeller.

Defra factsheet : vesicular stomatitis
http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/vesiculatstomatitis/
This disease fact sheet on vesicular stomatitis, an infectious viral disease of a number of species, is published on the Web by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Topics covered include species affected, history and disease transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, and post-mortem issues. Photos of clinical signs are provided and there are links to other authoritative sources of information.


Disease fact sheet : swine vesicular disease
http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/svd/
This disease fact sheet on swine vesicular disease, a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs, is produced and published on the Web by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Topics covered include animal affected, history and disease transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, legislation (including EU legislation), the local veterinary action to be taken in relation to the level of suspicion, disease control strategy, policy, and contingency planning. Photos of clinical signs are provided.


Disease factsheet : bluetongue
http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/bluetongue/factsheet.h
This disease fact sheet on bluetongue, an anthropod-borne viral disease to which all species of ruminants are susceptible, is produced and published on the Web by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). This fact sheet covers causes, clinical signs and symptoms, prevention and control measures, contingency planning, and UK and EU legislation. Links to other information sources, including images, are provided.


Disease factsheet : equine infectious anaemia
http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/eia/
This disease fact sheet on equine infectious anaemia, a viral disease of horses, is produced and published on the Web by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). This fact sheet covers disease history and transmission, epidemiology, post-mortem procedures, and prevention and control methods. There is a Q&A section, which provides detailed information on equine infectious anaemia, as well as related key documents.


Equine infectious anemia
http://www.avma.ab.ca/resources/Equine-Anemia.asp
One in a series of equine animal health information brochures produced and made available on the Web by the Alberta Veterinary Medical Association. Aimed at the public, this brochure on equine infectious anaemia, an infectious viral disease of horses, donkeys and mules, covers clinical signs and symptoms, phases of the disease, transmission, risk factors, detection, and control measures.


Respiratory diseases in horses : what you can do to prevent them
http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2091/VTMD-9120web.pdf
This document on preventing respiratory diseases in horses is one in a series of veterinary medicine publications published by the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Authored by Carolynn MacAllister, DVM, an extension veterinary medicine specialist, this document was published in May 2001. Both bacterial and viral respiratory diseases are covered and topics cover equine herpes virus, equine influenza virus, and equine viral arteritis, strangles, and Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Treatment options for both bacterial and viral respiratory diseases are provided.


Equine vaccination programs
http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2072/VTMD-9119web.pdf
Published on the Web by the Oklahoma State University this 4 page fact sheet was written by Carolynn MacAllister, DVM, and was produced for the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. It provides information on key equine diseases, and the vaccinations which can prevent them. It covers tetanus, rhinopneumonitis, influenza, strangles, equine viral arteritis (EVA), rabies, potomac horse fever, and encephalomyelitis.


Bovine pestivirus infection
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/226041/Bovine-pestivirus-i
One in a series of fact sheets on animal health and welfare issues published by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (DPI) in their Primefact series. Authored by Dr Peter Kirkland, a research scientist, and Belinda Walker, a veterinary officer, this fact sheet on bovine pestivirus infection, a viral disease of cattle, covers disease transmission, diseases due to pestivirus, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, disease management, and vaccination. Images are provided and the second edition of this fact sheet was published in 2008.


Bovine ephemeral fever : three day sickness
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/health/specific/cattle/bovine-ep
One in a series of fact sheets on animal health and welfare issues published by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (Agriculture), Australia, as part of their Agfact series. Authored by Dr Peter Kirkland, a research scientist, and Belinda Walker, a veterinary officer, this fact sheet on bovine ephemeral fever, a viral disease of cattle and buffalo, covers clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control measures. Published in 2001.


Feline infectious peritonitis
http://www.fabcats.org/owners/fip/info.html
This information sheet on the usually fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a severe disease caused by the viral infection feline coronavirus, is produced and published on the Web by the Feline Advisory Bureau (FAB), a UK charity. It discusses transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and preventative measures, which can be taken. This is one in a series of information sheets authored by experts in the field of feline medicine and aimed at cat owners.


Rabbit hemorrhagic disease
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/f
This fact sheet on rabbit haemorrhagic disease, an infectious viral disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), is produced and published on the Web by the Veterinary Services division of the US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Last updated in 2005, this fact sheet provides information on disease history, clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, and prevention and control measures.


Vesicular stomatitis : questions and answers
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/f
This fact sheet on vesicular stomatitis, a viral disease that primarily affects cattle, horses, and swine, is produced and published on the Web by the Veterinary Services division of the US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Revised in 2005, this fact sheet is in a Q&A format and provides information on epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, disease transmission, and prevention and control measures. Images are included.

CDC National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases (ZVED)
http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/
The National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases (ZVED) established in 2007 is part of the US Department for Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Their aim is to ensure that human interactions with animals, animal products, wildlife and the natural environment are safe and healthy and to reduce the impact of infectious diseases. The website shows ZVEDs four main divisions, Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases and Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. Each division has different disease branches and gives further information. There is a link to the public health matters blog and an organisational chart.