Large intestine and Caecum

Basic Anatomy and Physiology

brief description (include water absorption) [picture/diagram]

Cell types

Defense Mechanisms

Secretions

Epithelium

Commensal flora

Movement

Cell-mediated and humoural defences

Comparative

carnivores, ruminants,horse, swine, rabbits [pictures]

Pathology of the Large Intestine

Developmental Anomalies

Segmental

describe plus stenosis vs complete (atresia)

Atresia ani
Atresia coli

Megacolon

Physical Disturbances

Obstruction

describe pathogenesis of can be intraluminal, intramural or extrinsinc (expand on these) include talk about strictures?

Mechanical
Enteroliths [picture]
Foreign Bodies
Impaction
Extrinsic

Neoplasia, Adhesions, Prostate enlargement

Functional
Megacolon
Dysautonomia

Grass sickness in horses, Feline

Displacement

Hernias
Internal
External
Volvulus and Torsion
Ruminants

caecal dilatation and torsion

Equine

right and left dorsal displacement colonic torsion and volvulus

Intussusception
Renosplenic entrapment

Vascular Disturbances

pathogenesis

Venous congestion

Arterial thromboembolism

Lymphangiectasia

Inflammation

pathogenesis

  • enteritis
  • typhlitis
  • colitis
  • proctitis

Diseases of epithelium

Diseases of lamina propria

Neoplastic and Proliferative Lesions

Diarrhoea

Miscellaneous

Diseases due to pathogens

Bacterial

Viral

Mycotic

Parasites

Diseases in Animal Species

Carnivores

Horses

Rabbits

Pigs

Ruminants

Clinical Pathology

Approach to diagnosis of large intestinal disease

Laboratory evaluation of large intestinal disease

Diarrhoea

Weight loss

Routine diagnostic procedures

Further tests