Mayazoey
Intestine
Basic Anatomy and Physiology
The intestines are a portion of the alimentary tract extending from the pylorus to the anus. In mammals, the intestines are divided into two main segments: the small intestine and the large intestine. Each is further subdivided: the small intestine consisting of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the large intestine consisting of the caecum and colon (Dyce, 2002).
Cell types
Defense Mechanisms
Secretions
Epithelium
Commensal flora
Movement
Cell-mediated and humoural defences
Comparative
carnivores, ruminants,horse, swine, rabbits [pictures]
References Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing, CJG: Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 3rd ed, p.129. Saunders, London, England, 2002.
Pathology of the Large Intestine
Developmental Anomalies
Segmental
describe plus stenosis vs complete (atresia)
Atresia ani
Atresia coli
Megacolon
Physical Disturbances
Obstruction
describe pathogenesis of can be intraluminal, intramural or extrinsinc (expand on these) include talk about strictures?
Mechanical
Enteroliths [picture]
Foreign Bodies
Impaction
Extrinsic
Neoplasia, Adhesions, Prostate enlargement
Functional
Megacolon
Dysautonomia
Grass sickness in horses, Feline
Displacement
Hernias
Internal
External
Volvulus and Torsion
Ruminants
caecal dilatation and torsion
Equine
right and left dorsal displacement colonic torsion and volvulus
Intussusception
Renosplenic entrapment
Vascular Disturbances
pathogenesis
Venous congestion
Arterial thromboembolism
Inflammation
pathogenesis
- enteritis
- typhlitis
- colitis
- proctitis
? about subheadings as many fit under specific pathogens notes subcategorising by types of enteritis???
Diseases of the epithelium
Diseases of absorptive enterocytes
Diseases of undifferentiated crypt cells
Diseases of the lamina propria
Inflammatory bowel disease
description of
Lymphocytic/plasmacytic enteritis
Idiopathic mucosal colitis
Eosinophilic enteritis
Granulomatous enteritis
Colitis
Typhlocolitis
in dogs: pipe to species specific section includes histiocytic unlcerative colitis trichuris vulpis, pipe to parasites
Neoplastic and Proliferative Lesions
description
Intesinal adenoma
Intestinal adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma
Mast cell tumours
Intestinal stromal tumours
Diarrhoea
definition and pathogenesis characteristics of l.i. diarrhoea
Miscellaneous
Caecal or large intestine rupture
Diverticula
Intestinal lipofuscinosis
Diseases due to pathogens
Bacteria, Viral, Mycotic brief explanation then pipe to different page
Bacterial
brief explanation
Escherichia coli
description
Enterotoxogenic colibacillosis
Enteropatholgenic colibacillosis
Postweaning colibacillosis
Enteroinvasive colibacillosis
Septicaemic colibacillosis
Salmonellosis
description Link to salmonellosis in specific species
Peracute Salmonella septicaemia
Acute enteric salmonellosis
Chronic enteric salmonellosis
Clostridial enteritis
description
Clostridium perfringens type A
Clostridium perfringens type B
Clostridium perfringens type C
Clostridium perfringens type D
Other Clostridial diseases
Clostridium difficile
= Clostridium piliforme
Yersiniosis
Lawsonian intracellularis
Campylobacter spp.
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)
Viral
description Bovine viral diarrhoea Rinderpest Peste des petits ruminants Malignant catarrhal fever Herpesvirus Adenovirus Coronavirus Rotavirus Parvovirus
Mycotic
description Intestinal phycomycosis and aspergillosis Candidiasis Intestinal histoplasmosis
Diseases in Animal Species
Avian
coccidiosis
Carnivores
Cats
Panleucopenia Feline infectious peritonitis Feline leukaemia Feline immunodeficiency virus
Dogs
Parvovirus 2 Distemper Salmonella Rotavirus Coronavirus Ascarids Hookworms Giardiasis Neoplasms Salmon poisoning Haemorrhagic enteritis
Horses
Rhodococcus equi Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis Equine granulomatous enteritis Clostridial enteritis Lawsonian associated Potomac horse fever Parasites Antibiotic associated diarrhoea
Rabbits
Ruminants
Bovine viral diarrhoea Rinderpest Malignant catarrhal fever Paratuberculosis Chlamydiosis Parasitism (list specifics to l.i.) Copper deficiency Salmonellosis Yersiniosis Coccidiosis Escherichia coli Poisoning Winter dysentery
Swine
Rotavirus Transmissible gastroenteritis Escherichia coli Salmonella Lawsonian intracellularis Swine dysentery Porcine circovirus 2 Intestinal spirochaetosis Ascaris suum
Parasites
Cryptosporidiosis Giaridasis Ascariasis Hookworm diseas Trichuriasis Strongyloidosis Pinworms Cestodes Trematodes