Mayazoey

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Intestine

Basic Anatomy and Physiology

Physical Disturbances

Obstruction

Intestinal obstruction can be the sequel to either mechanical or functional causes. Mechanical obstruction occurs due to physical blockage of the intestinal lumen whereas functional obstruction results from a decrease or inhibition of intestinal motility due to loss of smooth muscle contraction. (Brown et. al, 2007).

Physical

Physical obstruction of the intestine, either acute or chronic, can occur in all species of animals. Acute obstruction usually involves the upper or middle small intestine whereas chronic obstruction typically occurs in the distal small intestine or large intestine. Causes of obstruction can be divided into three main categories: intraluminal, intramural, or extrinsic. Intraluminal causes include food impaction and foreign bodies, intramural causes include neoplasia and extrinsic causes include adhesions, neoplasia and prostate enlargement.

Extrinsic

Neoplasia, Adhesions, Prostate enlargement

Functional

Dysautonomia

Grass sickness in horses, Feline

Displacement

Volvulus and Torsion

Ruminants

caecal dilatation and torsion

Equine

right and left dorsal displacement colonic torsion and volvulus

Vascular Disturbances

pathogenesis

Inflammation

pathogenesis

• enteritis
• typhlitis
• colitis
• proctitis

? about subheadings as many fit under specific pathogens notes subcategorising by types of enteritis???

Inflammatory bowel disease

description of

Colitis

Typhlocolitis

in dogs: pipe to species specific section includes histiocytic unlcerative colitis trichuris vulpis, pipe to parasites

Neoplastic and Proliferative Lesions

description

Diarrhoea

definition and pathogenesis characteristics of l.i. diarrhoea

Diseases due to pathogens

Bacteria, Viral, Mycotic brief explanation then pipe to different page

Bacterial

brief explanation

Escherichia coli

description

Salmonellosis

description Link to salmonellosis in specific species

Clostridial enteritis

description

Viral

description Bovine viral diarrhoea Rinderpest Peste des petits ruminants Malignant catarrhal fever Herpesvirus Adenovirus Coronavirus Rotavirus Parvovirus

Mycotic

description Intestinal phycomycosis and aspergillosis Candidiasis Intestinal histoplasmosis

Diseases in Animal Species

Avian

coccidiosis

Carnivores

Cats

Panleucopenia Feline infectious peritonitis Feline leukaemia Feline immunodeficiency virus

Dogs

Parvovirus 2 Distemper Salmonella Rotavirus Coronavirus Ascarids Hookworms Giardiasis Neoplasms Salmon poisoning Haemorrhagic enteritis

Horses

Rhodococcus equi Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis Equine granulomatous enteritis Clostridial enteritis Lawsonian associated Potomac horse fever Parasites Antibiotic associated diarrhoea

Ruminants

Bovine viral diarrhoea Rinderpest Malignant catarrhal fever Paratuberculosis Chlamydiosis Parasitism (list specifics to l.i.) Copper deficiency Salmonellosis Yersiniosis Coccidiosis Escherichia coli Poisoning Winter dysentery

Swine

Rotavirus Transmissible gastroenteritis Escherichia coli Salmonella Lawsonian intracellularis Swine dysentery Porcine circovirus 2 Intestinal spirochaetosis Ascaris suum

Parasites

Cryptosporidiosis Giaridasis Ascariasis Hookworm diseas Trichuriasis Strongyloidosis Pinworms Cestodes Trematodes

Clinical Pathology