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Topical analgesia applies to analgesia at any surface, commonly the skin and mucous membranes such as mouth, genital tract and tracheobronchial tree.
Agents
- Agents are commonly found as creams, gels or sprays, and include lidocaine and EMLA cream.
- Some injectable agents can be used also be used topically.
- Care should be taken when applying the cream - Gloves should be worn.
- Agents which freeze the skin surface, such as ice or ethyl chloride spray, may also be used as it provides a degree of analgesia but is very superficial and care should be taken when using these substances as can lead to skin necrosis.
Uses
- On venopuncture sites prior to catheter placement.
- Passing of urinary catheters.
- Placement of endotracheal tubes.
- Procedures in the nasal cavity.
- For opthalmic examination and surgical procedures.
Advantages
- Easy Application - Requires no specific skills or expensive equipment.
- Repeat doses possible.
Disadvantages
- Superficial Analgesia.
- Variable in duration of action.