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Cardiovascular disease may be primary or secondary.
Aetiology
- Infectious
- Parasitic
- Congenital
- Nutritional (e.g. calcification of large vessels)
Clinical signs
Clinical signs of cardiovascular disease are usually non-specific such as anorexia and weight loss. Signs such as swelling in the area of the heart, peripheral oedema and ascites warrant investigation of the cardiovascular system.
Diagnosis
- History
- Physical examination, especially auscultation
- Blood culture
- Radiography
- Ultrasound
- Doppler flow detector
- Electrocardiography though interpretation may be a problem
- Necropsy
Treatment
- Supportive treatment
- Antimicrobial if infectious
- Correction of husbandry