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Antigenicity
- 2 Canine Viruses:
- Canine Parvovirus 1 (CPV1): avirulent, ubiquitous in canine population
- Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV2): new virus emerged in the late 1970's
- Antigenic variants occur
Hosts
- Dogs
- CPV 2a/2b can cause disease in cats
Pathogenesis
- Oropharyngeal infection followed by viremia
- 2 distinct syndromes:
- Myocarditis in puppies aged 3-8 weeks
- Virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium
- Sudden death, fading puppy syndrome
- Now rare due to widespread passive immunity
- Enteritis in puppies >8 weeks of age
- Virus targets intestinal crypts
- Villi shorten, then destruction of cypt cells
- Gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis
- High morbidity, low mortality (10%)
Epidemiology
- Orofecal transmission
- Host range is controlled by only a few amino acids
Diagnosis
- HA or ELISA for virus
Control
- Vaccination, usually in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks.
- Thorough disinfection after disease
Parvovirus Enteritis
Canine Disease
- Until 1978 Parvovirus enteriris was totally unknown in dogs.
- First seen in dogs in Australia.
- Apeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the disease seen in the cat.
- A new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus.
- Viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus.
- The canine virus does NOT cause disease in cats.
- Clinical
- Causes enteritis in young dogs over 6 weeks old.
- Causes myocarditis in puppies.
- Mainly affects the small intestine.
- Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives in the environment.
- Diagnosis:
- Look for viral antigen in the faeces by the red cell agglutination test.
- Immunoflurescence.
- ELISA.
- Serology.