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CAEV
Antigenicity
- Serologically related to Visna-Maedi with antigenic and genetic envelope differences
Hosts
- Goats
Pathogenesis
- T cells induce immune complex disease
- Causes encephalitis of kids or insidious polyarthritis of adults
- Also causes pneumonia
Epidemiology
- Transfer via milk and colostrum, particularly batch-mixing
- Present in 10% of UK herds
- Clinical disease is rare
Diagnosis
- Visna-Maedi serology (ELISA) test can be used to remove positive stock
Control
- Separate kids from virus positive mothers at birth
- Treat mother's colostrum (56 deg for 1 hour)
- Rear on artificial milk
Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE)
- Caused by retrovirus (lentivirus) similar to Maedi Visna in sheep described above
- Two forms:
- Non-suppurative leukoencephalomyelitis in young goats and kids
- Chronic, non-suppurative arthritis-synovitis in adult goats
- Also causes interstitial pneumonia which tends to be obscured by other clinical signs
- Gross pathology:
- Mainly caudal lobes
- Lungs are firm, grey-pink with grey-white focal lesions on cut surface
- Micro pathology:
- Thickened alveolar wall
- Lymphocyte infiltration and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
- Can be confused with or coexisting with Parasitic pneumonia